@article {4632,
	title = {Time-lapse two-color 3D imaging of live cells with doubled resolution using structured illumination.},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
	volume = {109},
	year = {2012},
	month = {2012 Apr 3},
	pages = {5311-5},
	abstract = {<p>Previous implementations of structured-illumination microscopy (SIM) were slow or designed for one-color excitation, sacrificing two unique and extremely beneficial aspects of light microscopy: live-cell imaging in multiple colors. This is especially unfortunate because, among the resolution-extending techniques, SIM is an attractive choice for live-cell imaging; it requires no special fluorophores or high light intensities to achieve twice diffraction-limited resolution in three dimensions. Furthermore, its wide-field nature makes it light-efficient and decouples the acquisition speed from the size of the lateral field of view, meaning that high frame rates over large volumes are possible. Here, we report a previously undescribed SIM setup that is fast enough to record 3D two-color datasets of living whole cells. Using rapidly programmable liquid crystal devices and a flexible 2D grid pattern algorithm to switch between excitation wavelengths quickly, we show volume rates as high as 4 s in one color and 8.5 s in two colors over tens of time points. To demonstrate the capabilities of our microscope, we image a variety of biological structures, including mitochondria, clathrin-coated vesicles, and the actin cytoskeleton, in either HeLa cells or cultured neurons.</p>
},
	issn = {1091-6490},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.1119262109},
	author = {Fiolka, Reto and Shao, Lin and Rego, E Hesper and Davidson, Michael W and Gustafsson, Mats G L}
}
