@article {47393,
	title = {The basal ganglia: from motor commands to the control of vigor.},
	journal = {Current Opinion in Neurobiology},
	volume = {37},
	year = {2016},
	month = {2016 Mar 21},
	pages = {158-66},
	abstract = {<p>Vertebrates are remarkable for their ability to select and execute goal-directed actions: motor skills critical for thriving in complex, competitive environments. A key aspect of a motor skill is the ability to execute its component movements over a range of speeds, amplitudes and frequencies (vigor). Recent work has indicated that a subcortical circuit, the basal ganglia, is a critical determinant of movement vigor in rodents and primates. We propose that the basal ganglia evolved from a circuit that in lower vertebrates and some mammals is sufficient to directly command simple or stereotyped movements to one that indirectly controls the vigor of goal-directed movements. The implications of a dual role of the basal ganglia in the control of vigor and response to reward are also discussed.</p>
},
	issn = {1873-6882},
	doi = {10.1016/j.conb.2016.02.005},
	author = {Dudman, Joshua T and Krakauer, John W}
}
