@article {65799,
	title = {Dense and pleiotropic regulatory information in a developmental enhancer.},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {587},
	year = {2020},
	month = {2020 Nov 01},
	pages = {235-39},
	abstract = {<p>Changes in gene regulation underlie much of phenotypic evolution. However, our understanding of the potential for regulatory evolution is biased, because most evidence comes from either natural variation or limited experimental perturbations. Using an automated robotics pipeline, we surveyed an unbiased mutation library for a developmental enhancer in Drosophila melanogaster. We found that almost all mutations altered gene expression and that parameters of gene expression-levels, location, and state-were convolved. The widespread pleiotropic effects of most mutations may constrain the evolvability of developmental enhancers. Consistent with these observations, comparisons of diverse Drosophila larvae revealed apparent biases in the phenotypes influenced by the enhancer. Developmental enhancers may encode a higher density of regulatory information than has been appreciated previously, imposing constraints on regulatory evolution.</p>
},
	issn = {1476-4687},
	doi = {10.1038/s41586-020-2816-5},
	author = {Fuqua, Timothy and Jordan, Jeff and van Breugel, Maria Elize and Halavatyi, Aliaksandr and Tischer, Christian and Polidoro, Peter and Abe, Namiko and Tsai, Albert and Mann, Richard S and Stern, David L and Crocker, Justin}
}
@article {5036,
	title = {A simple strategy for detecting moving objects during locomotion revealed by animal-robot interactions.},
	journal = {Current Biology},
	volume = {22},
	year = {2012},
	month = {2012 Jun 20},
	pages = {1344-50},
	abstract = {<p>An important role of visual systems is to detect nearby predators, prey, and potential mates [1], which may be distinguished in part by their motion. When an animal is at rest, an object moving in any direction may easily be detected by motion-sensitive visual circuits [2, 3]. During locomotion,\&nbsp;however, this strategy is compromised because the observer must detect a moving object within the pattern of\&nbsp;optic flow created by its own motion through the stationary\&nbsp;background. However, objects that move creating back-to-front (regressive) motion may be unambiguously distinguished from stationary objects because forward locomotion creates only front-to-back (progressive) optic flow. Thus, moving animals should exhibit an enhanced sensitivity to regressively moving objects. We explicitly tested this hypothesis by constructing a simple fly-sized robot that was programmed to interact with a real fly. Our measurements indicate that whereas walking female flies freeze in response to a regressively moving object, they ignore a progressively moving one. Regressive motion salience also explains observations of behaviors exhibited by pairs of walking flies. Because the assumptions underlying the regressive motion salience hypothesis are general, we suspect that the behavior we have observed in Drosophila may be widespread among eyed, motile organisms.</p>
},
	issn = {1879-0445},
	doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2012.05.024},
	author = {Zabala, Francisco and Polidoro, Peter and Robie, Alice A and Branson, Kristin and Perona, Pietro and Dickinson, Michael H}
}
