@article {69731,
	title = {Dense-core vesicles contain exosomes in secretory cells.},
	journal = {Biophys J},
	year = {2025},
	month = {2025 Jan 13},
	abstract = {<p>Dense-core vesicles (DCVs) are found in various types of cells, such as neurons, pancreatic β-cells, and chromaffin cells. These vesicles release transmitters, peptides, and hormones to regulate diverse functions, such as the stress response, immune response, behavior, and blood glucose levels. In traditional electron microscopy after chemical fixation, it is often reported that the dense cores occupy a portion of the vesicle towards the center and are surrounded by a clear halo. With electron microscopy following cryo-fixation in adrenal chromaffin cells, we report here that we did not observe halos, but dense cores filling up the entire vesicles suggesting that halos are likely the product of chemical fixation. More importantly, we observed that a fraction of DCVs contained 36-168 nm clear-core vesicles. A similar fraction of DCVs labeled with fluorescent false neurotransmitter FFN 511 or the dense-core matrix protein chromogranin A (CGA) were colocalized with fluorescently labeled or endogenous CD63 or ALIX, the membrane or lumen marker of \~{}40-160 nm exosomes. These results suggest that DCVs contain exosomes. Since exosomes are generally thought to reside within multivesicular bodies in the cytosol and are released to the extracellular space to mediate diverse cell-to-cell communications, our findings suggest that dense-core vesicle fusion from many cell types is a new source for releasing exosomes to mediate intercellular communications. Given that dense-core vesicle fusion mediates many physiological functions, such as stress responses, immune responses, behavior regulation, and blood glucose regulation, exosome release from dense-core vesicle fusion might contribute to mediating these important functions.</p>
},
	issn = {1542-0086},
	doi = {10.1016/j.bpj.2025.01.003},
	author = {Wang, Xin and Arpino, Gianvito and Mohseni, Ammar and Bleck, Christopher K E and Wu, Ling-Gang}
}
@article {68430,
	title = {Transsynaptic Fish-lips signaling prevents misconnections between nonsynaptic partner olfactory neurons.},
	journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
	volume = {116},
	year = {2019},
	month = {08/2019},
	pages = {16068-16073},
	abstract = {<p>Our understanding of the mechanisms of neural circuit assembly is far from complete. Identification of wiring molecules with novel mechanisms of action will provide insights into how complex and heterogeneous neural circuits assemble during development. In the olfactory system, 50 classes of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) make precise synaptic connections with 50 classes of partner projection neurons (PNs). Here, we performed an RNA interference screen for cell surface molecules and identified the leucine-rich repeat-containing transmembrane protein known as Fish-lips (Fili) as a novel wiring molecule in the assembly of the olfactory circuit. Fili contributes to the precise axon and dendrite targeting of a small subset of ORN and PN classes, respectively. Cell-type-specific expression and genetic analyses suggest that Fili sends a transsynaptic repulsive signal to neurites of nonpartner classes that prevents their targeting to inappropriate glomeruli in the antennal lobe.</p>
},
	keywords = {Animals, Axons, Dendrites, Drosophila melanogaster, Drosophila Proteins, Leucine-Rich Repeat Proteins, Membrane Proteins, Mutation, Olfactory Receptor Neurons, Phenotype, Proteins, Signal Transduction, Synapses},
	issn = {1091-6490},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.1905832116},
	author = {Xie, Qijing and Wu, Bing and Li, Jiefu and Xu, Chuanyun and Li, Hongjie and Luginbuhl, David J and Wang, Xin and Ward, Alex and Luo, Liqun}
}
