@article {65726,
	title = {A comparison of neuronal population dynamics measured with calcium imaging and electrophysiology.},
	journal = {PLoS Computational Biology},
	volume = {16},
	year = {2020},
	month = {2020 Sep 15},
	pages = {e1008198},
	abstract = {<p>Calcium imaging with fluorescent protein sensors is widely used to record activity in neuronal populations. The transform between neural activity and calcium-related fluorescence involves nonlinearities and low-pass filtering, but the effects of the transformation on analyses of neural populations are not well understood. We compared neuronal spikes and fluorescence in matched neural populations in behaving mice. We report multiple discrepancies between analyses performed on the two types of data, including changes in single-neuron selectivity and population decoding. These were only partially resolved by spike inference algorithms applied to fluorescence. To model the relation between spiking and fluorescence we simultaneously recorded spikes and fluorescence from individual neurons. Using these recordings we developed a model transforming spike trains to synthetic-imaging data. The model recapitulated the differences in analyses. Our analysis highlights challenges in relating electrophysiology and imaging data, and suggests forward modeling as an effective way to understand differences between these data.</p>
},
	issn = {1553-7358},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008198},
	author = {Wei, Ziqiang and Lin, Bei-Jung and Chen, Tsai-Wen and Daie, Kayvon and Svoboda, Karel and Druckmann, Shaul}
}
@article {3926,
	title = {Cell type-specific relationships between spiking and [Ca2+]i in neurons of the Xenopus tadpole olfactory bulb.},
	journal = {The Journal of Physiology},
	volume = {582},
	year = {2007},
	month = {2007 Jul 1},
	pages = {163-75},
	abstract = {<p>Multi-neuronal recordings with Ca2+ indicator dyes usually relate [Ca2+]i to action potentials (APs) assuming a stereotypical dependency between the two. However, [Ca2+]i affects and is affected by numerous complex mechanisms that differ from cell type to cell type, from cell compartment to cell compartment. Moreover, [Ca2+]i depends on the specific way a cell is activated. Here we investigate, by combining calcium imaging and on-cell patch clamp recordings, the relationship between APs (spiking) and somatic [Ca2+]i in mitral and granule cells of the olfactory bulb in Xenopus laevis tadpoles. Both cell types exhibit ongoing and odour-modulated [Ca2+]i dynamics. In mitral cells, the occurrence of APs in both spontaneous and odour-evoked situations correlates tightly to step-like [Ca2+]i increases. Moreover, odorant-induced suppression of spontaneous firing couples to a decrease in [Ca2+]i. In contrast, granule cells show a substantial number of uncorrelated events such as increases in [Ca2+]i without APs occurring or APs without any effect upon [Ca2+]i. The correlation between spiking and [Ca2+]i is low, possibly due to somatic NMDAR-mediated and subthreshold voltage-activated Ca2+ entries, and thus does not allow a reliable prediction of APs based on calcium imaging. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the relationship between somatic [Ca2+]i and APs can be cell type specific. Taking [Ca2+]i dynamics as an indicator for spiking activity is thus only reliable if the correlation has been established in the system of interest. When [Ca2+]i and APs are precisely correlated, fast calcium imaging is an extremely valuable tool for determining spatiotemporal patterns of APs in neuronal population.</p>
},
	keywords = {Action Potentials, Amino Acids, Animals, Calcium, Calcium Signaling, Fluorescence, Intracellular Fluid, Kinetics, Larva, Microscopy, Neurons, Odors, Olfactory Bulb, Olfactory Mucosa, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Reproducibility of Results, Smell, Xenopus laevis},
	issn = {0022-3751},
	doi = {10.1113/jphysiol.2006.125963},
	author = {Lin, Bei-Jung and Chen, Tsai-Wen and Schild, Detlev}
}
