@article {69856,
	title = {Glutamate indicators with increased sensitivity and tailored deactivation rates},
	journal = {Research Square},
	year = {2025},
	month = {2025 Apr 8},
	abstract = {<p>Identifying the input-output operations of neurons requires measurements of synaptic transmission simultaneously at many of a neuron{\textquoteright}s thousands of inputs in the intact brain. To facilitate this goal, we engineered and screened 3365 variants of the fluorescent protein glutamate indicator iGluSnFR3 in neuron culture, and selected variants in the mouse visual cortex. Two variants have high sensitivity, fast activation (\&lt; 2 ms) and deactivation times tailored for recording large populations of synapses (iGluSnFR4s, 153 ms) or rapid dynamics (iGluSnFR4f, 26 ms). By imaging action-potential evoked signals on axons and visually-evoked signals on dendritic spines, we show that iGluSnFR4s/4f primarily detect local synaptic glutamate with single-vesicle sensitivity. The indicators detect a wide range of naturalistic synaptic transmission, including in the vibrissal cortex layer 4 and in hippocampal CA1 dendrites. iGluSnFR4 increases the sensitivity and scale (4s) or speed (4f) of tracking information flow in neural networks in vivo.</p>
},
	doi = {10.21203/rs.3.rs-6257403/v1},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6257403/v1},
	author = {Podgorski, Kaspar and Aggarwal, Abhi and Negrean, Adrian and Chen, Yang and Iyer, Rishyashring and Reep, Daniel and Liu, Anyi and Palutla, Anirudh and Xie, Michael and Maclennan, Bryan and Hagihara, Kenta and Kinsey, Lucas and Sun, Julianna and Yao, Pantong and Zheng, Jihong and Tsang, Arthur and Tsegaye, Getahun and Zhang, Yonghai and Patel, Ronak and Hasseman, Jeremy}
}
@article {6891,
	title = {Direct phase measurement in zonal wavefront reconstruction using multidither coherent optical adaptive technique.},
	journal = {Optics Express},
	volume = {22},
	year = {2014},
	month = {2014 Jan 27},
	pages = {1619-28},
	abstract = {<p>In traditional zonal wavefront sensing for adaptive optics, after local wavefront gradients are obtained, the entire wavefront can be calculated by assuming that the wavefront is a continuous surface. Such an approach will lead to sub-optimal performance in reconstructing wavefronts which are either discontinuous or undersampled by the zonal wavefront sensor. Here, we report a new method to reconstruct the wavefront by directly measuring local wavefront phases in parallel using multidither coherent optical adaptive technique. This method determines the relative phases of each pupil segment independently, and thus produces an accurate wavefront for even discontinuous wavefronts. We implemented this method in an adaptive optical two-photon fluorescence microscopy and demonstrated its superior performance in correcting large or discontinuous aberrations.</p>
},
	issn = {1094-4087},
	doi = {10.1364/OE.22.001619},
	author = {Liu, Rui and Milkie, Daniel E and Kerlin, Aaron and Maclennan, Bryan and Ji, Na}
}
