@article {69350,
	title = {Ultra-high density electrodes improve detection, yield, and cell type identification in neuronal recordings},
	journal = {bioRxiv},
	year = {2024},
	month = {2024 Apr 10},
	abstract = {<p>To understand the neural basis of behavior, it is essential to sensitively and accurately measure neural activity at single neuron and single spike resolution. Extracellular electrophysiology delivers this, but it has biases in the neurons it detects and it imperfectly resolves their action potentials. To minimize these limitations, we developed a silicon probe with much smaller and denser recording sites than previous designs, called Neuropixels Ultra (NP Ultra). This device samples neuronal activity at ultra-high spatial density ( 10 times higher than previous probes) with low noise levels, while trading off recording span. NP Ultra is effectively an implantable voltage-sensing camera that captures a planar image of a neuron{\textquoteright}s electrical field. We use a spike sorting algorithm optimized for these probes to demonstrate that the yield of visually-responsive neurons in recordings from mouse visual cortex improves up to 3-fold. We show that NP Ultra can record from small neuronal structures including axons and dendrites. Recordings across multiple brain regions and four species revealed a subset of extracellular action potentials with unexpectedly small spatial spread and axon-like features. We share a large-scale dataset of these brain-wide recordings in mice as a resource for studies of neuronal biophysics. Finally, using ground-truth identification of three major inhibitory cortical cell types, we found that these cell types were discriminable with approximately 75\% success, a significant improvement over lower-resolution recordings. NP Ultra improves spike sorting performance, detection of subcellular compartments, and cell type classification to enable more powerful dissection of neural circuit activity during behavior.</p>
},
	doi = {10.1101/2023.08.23.554527},
	url = {https://www.biorxiv.org/content/early/2024/04/10/2023.08.23.554527},
	author = {Zhiwen Ye and Andrew M Shelton and Jordan R Shaker and Julien M Boussard and Jennifer Colonell and Daniel Birman and Sahar Manavi and Susu Chen and Charlie Windolf and Cole Hurwitz and Tomoyuki Namima and Frederico Pedraja and Shahaf Weiss and Bogdan Raducanu and Torbj{\o}rn Ness and Xiaoxuan Jia and Giulia Mastroberardino and L. Federico Rossi and Matteo Carandini and Michael Hausser and Gaute T Einevoll and Gilles Laurent and Nathaniel B Sawtell and Wyeth Bair and Anitha Pasupathy and Carolina Mora-Lopez and Barun Dutta and Liam Paninski and Joshua H Siegle and Christof Koch and Shawn R Olsen and Timothy D Harris and Nicholas A Steinmetz}
}
