@article {51253, title = {Nuclear transcriptomes of the seven neuronal cell types that constitute the mushroom bodies.}, journal = {G3 (Bethesda, Md.)}, volume = {9}, year = {2019}, month = {2019 Jan 09}, pages = {81-94}, abstract = {

The insect mushroom body (MB) is a conserved brain structure that plays key roles in a diverse array of behaviors. The MB is the primary invertebrate model of neural circuits related to memory formation and storage, and its development, morphology, wiring, and function has been extensively studied. MBs consist of intrinsic Kenyon Cells that are divided into three major neuron classes (γ, α{\textquoteright}/β{\textquoteright} and α/β) and 7 cell subtypes (γd, γm, α{\textquoteright}/β{\textquoteright}ap, α{\textquoteright}/β{\textquoteright}m, α/βp, α/βs and α/βc) based on their birth order, morphology, and connectivity. These subtypes play distinct roles in memory processing, however the underlying transcriptional differences are unknown. Here, we used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to profile the nuclear transcriptomes of each MB neuronal cell subtypes. We identified 350 MB class- or subtype-specific genes, including the widely used α/β class marker and the α{\textquoteright}/β{\textquoteright} class marker Immunostaining corroborates the RNA-seq measurements at the protein level for several cases. Importantly, our data provide a full accounting of the neurotransmitter receptors, transporters, neurotransmitter biosynthetic enzymes, neuropeptides, and neuropeptide receptors expressed within each of these cell types. This high-quality, cell type-level transcriptome catalog for the MB provides a valuable resource for the fly neuroscience community.

}, issn = {2160-1836}, doi = {10.1534/g3.118.200726}, author = {Shih, Meng-Fu Maxwell and Davis, Fred Pejman and Henry, Gilbert Lee and Dubnau, Josh} } @article {4304, title = {Serotonin-mushroom body circuit modulating the formation of anesthesia-resistant memory in Drosophila.}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, volume = {108}, year = {2011}, month = {2011 Aug 16}, pages = {13794-9}, abstract = {

Pavlovian olfactory learning in Drosophila produces two genetically distinct forms of intermediate-term memories: anesthesia-sensitive memory, which requires the amnesiac gene, and anesthesia-resistant memory (ARM), which requires the radish gene. Here, we report that ARM is specifically enhanced or inhibited in flies with elevated or reduced serotonin (5HT) levels, respectively. The requirement for 5HT was additive with the memory defect of the amnesiac mutation but was occluded by the radish mutation. This result suggests that 5HT and Radish protein act on the same pathway for ARM formation. Three supporting lines of evidence indicate that ARM formation requires 5HT released from only two dorsal paired medial (DPM) neurons onto the mushroom bodies (MBs), the olfactory learning and memory center in Drosophila: (i) DPM neurons were 5HT-antibody immunopositive; (ii) temporal inhibition of 5HT synthesis or release from DPM neurons, but not from other serotonergic neurons, impaired ARM formation; (iii) knocking down the expression of d5HT1A serotonin receptors in α/β MB neurons, which are innervated by DPM neurons, inhibited ARM formation. Thus, in addition to the Amnesiac peptide required for anesthesia-sensitive memory formation, the two DPM neurons also release 5HT acting on MB neurons for ARM formation.

}, issn = {1091-6490}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.1019483108}, author = {Lee, Pei-Tseng and Lin, Hsuan-Wen and Chang, Yu-Hsuan and Fu, Tsai-Feng and Dubnau, Josh and Hirsh, Jay and Lee, Tzumin and Chiang, Ann-Shyn} } @article {46624, title = {Ethanol sensitivity and tolerance in long-term memory mutants of Drosophila melanogaster.}, journal = {Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research}, volume = {32}, year = {2008}, month = {2008 May}, pages = {895-908}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: It has become increasingly clear that molecular and neural mechanisms underlying learning and memory and drug addiction are largely shared. To confirm and extend these findings, we analyzed ethanol-responsive behaviors of a collection of Drosophila long-term memory mutants.

METHODS: For each mutant, sensitivity to the acute uncoordinating effects of ethanol was quantified using the inebriometer. Additionally, 2 distinct forms of ethanol tolerance were measured: rapid tolerance, which develops in response to a single brief exposure to a high concentration of ethanol vapor; and chronic tolerance, which develops following a sustained low-level exposure.

RESULTS: Several mutants were identified with altered sensitivity, rapid or chronic tolerance, while a number of mutants exhibited multiple defects.

CONCLUSIONS: The corresponding genes in these mutants represent areas of potential overlap between learning and memory and behavioral responses to alcohol. These genes also define components shared between different ethanol behavioral responses.

}, keywords = {Animals, Behavior, Animal, Drosophila melanogaster, Drug Tolerance, Ethanol, Learning, Memory}, issn = {1530-0277}, doi = {10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00659.x}, author = {Berger, Karen H and Kong, Eric C and Dubnau, Josh and Tully, Tim and Moore, Monica S and Heberlein, Ulrike} }