@article {45720,
	title = {Internal models direct dragonfly interception steering.},
	journal = {Nature},
	year = {2014},
	month = {2014 Dec 10},
	abstract = {<p>Sensorimotor control in vertebrates relies on internal models. When extending an arm to reach for an object, the brain uses predictive models of both limb dynamics and target properties. Whether invertebrates use such models remains unclear. Here we examine to what extent prey interception by dragonflies (Plathemis lydia), a behaviour analogous to targeted reaching, requires internal models. By simultaneously tracking the position and orientation of a dragonfly{\textquoteright}s head and body during flight, we provide evidence that interception steering is driven by forward and inverse models of dragonfly body dynamics and by models of prey motion. Predictive rotations of the dragonfly{\textquoteright}s head continuously track the prey{\textquoteright}s angular position. The head-body angles established by prey tracking appear to guide systematic rotations of the dragonfly{\textquoteright}s body to align it with the prey{\textquoteright}s flight path. Model-driven control thus underlies the bulk of interception steering manoeuvres, while vision is used for reactions to unexpected prey movements. These findings illuminate the computational sophistication with which insects construct behaviour.</p>
},
	issn = {1476-4687},
	doi = {10.1038/nature14045},
	author = {Mischiati, Matteo and Lin, Huai-Ti and Herold, Paul and Imler, Elliot and Olberg, Robert and Leonardo, Anthony}
}
@article {5385,
	title = {Wireless neural/EMG telemetry systems for small freely moving animals.},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2011},
	month = {2011 Apr},
	pages = {103-11},
	abstract = {<p>We have developed miniature telemetry systems that capture neural, EMG, and acceleration signals from a freely moving insect or other small animal and transmit the data wirelessly to a remote digital receiver. The systems are based on custom low-power integrated circuits (ICs) that amplify, filter, and digitize four biopotential signals using low-noise circuits. One of the chips also digitizes three acceleration signals from an off-chip microelectromechanical-system accelerometer. All information is transmitted over a wireless ~ 900-MHz telemetry link. The first unit, using a custom chip fabricated in a 0.6- μm BiCMOS process, weighs 0.79 g and runs for two hours on two small batteries. We have used this system to monitor neural and EMG signals in jumping and flying locusts as well as transdermal potentials in weakly swimming electric fish. The second unit, using a custom chip fabricated in a 0.35-μ m complementary metal-oxide semiconductor CMOS process, weighs 0.17 g and runs for five hours on a single 1.5-V battery. This system has been used to monitor neural potentials in untethered perching dragonflies.</p>
},
	issn = {1932-4545},
	doi = {10.1109/TBCAS.2011.2131140},
	author = {Harrison, Reid R. and Fotowat, Haleh and Chan, Raymond and Kier, Ryan J and Olberg, Robert and Leonardo, Anthony and Gabbiani, Fabrizio}
}
