@article {65011, title = {Lineage-based analysis of the development of the central complex of the Drosophila brain.}, journal = {J Comp Neurol}, volume = {519}, year = {2011}, month = {2011 Mar 01}, pages = {661-89}, abstract = {

Most neurons of the central complex belong to 10 secondary (larvally produced) lineages. In the late larva, undifferentiated axon tracts of these lineages form a primordium in which all of the compartments of the central complex can be recognized as discrete entities. Four posterior lineages (DPMm1, DPMpm1, DPMpm2, and CM4) generate the classes of small-field neurons that interconnect the protocerebral bridge, fan-shaped body, noduli, and ellipsoid body. Three lineages located in the anterior brain, DALv2, BAmv1, and DALcl2, form the large-field neurons of the ellipsoid body and fan-shaped body, respectively. These lineages provide an input channel from the optic tubercle and connect the central complex with adjacent anterior brain compartments. Three lineages in the posterior cortex, CM3, CP2, and DPMpl2, connect the posterior brain neuropil with specific layers of the fan-shaped body. Even though all of the compartments of the central complex are prefigured in the late larval brain by the axon tracts of the above-mentioned lineages, the neuropil differentiates during the first 2 days of the pupal period when terminal branches and synapses of secondary neurons are formed. During this phase the initially straight horizontal layers of the central complex bend in the frontal plane, which produces the characteristic shape of the fan-shaped and ellipsoid body. Our analysis provides a comprehensive picture of the lineages that form the central complex, and will facilitate future studies that address the structure or function of the central complex at the single cell level.

}, keywords = {Animals, Brain, Cell Lineage, Drosophila melanogaster, Drosophila Proteins, Metamorphosis, Biological, Morphogenesis, Neurons}, issn = {1096-9861}, doi = {10.1002/cne.22542}, author = {Pereanu, Wayne and Younossi-Hartenstein, Amelia and Lovick, Jennifer and Spindler, Shana and Hartenstein, Volker} } @article {65010, title = {Development-based compartmentalization of the Drosophila central brain.}, journal = {J Comp Neurol}, volume = {518}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Aug 01}, pages = {2996-3023}, abstract = {

The neuropile of the Drosophila brain is subdivided into anatomically discrete compartments. Compartments are rich in terminal neurite branching and synapses; they are the neuropile domains in which signal processing takes place. Compartment boundaries are defined by more or less dense layers of glial cells as well as long neurite fascicles. These fascicles are formed during the larval period, when the approximately 100 neuronal lineages that constitute the Drosophila central brain differentiate. Each lineage forms an axon tract with a characteristic trajectory in the neuropile; groups of spatially related tracts congregate into the brain fascicles that can be followed from the larva throughout metamorphosis into the adult stage. Here we provide a map of the adult brain compartments and the relevant fascicles defining compartmental boundaries. We have identified the neuronal lineages contributing to each fascicle, which allowed us to compare compartments of the larval and adult brain directly. Most adult compartments can be recognized already in the early larval brain, where they form a "protomap" of the later adult compartments. Our analysis highlights the morphogenetic changes shaping the Drosophila brain; the data will be important for studies that link early-acting genetic mechanisms to the adult neuronal structures and circuits controlled by these mechanisms.

}, keywords = {Animals, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Axons, Brain, Brain Mapping, Cadherins, Chemokine CX3CL1, Drosophila, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Immunohistochemistry, Larva, Neural Pathways, Neuroglia, Synapses}, issn = {1096-9861}, doi = {10.1002/cne.22376}, author = {Pereanu, Wayne and Kumar, Abilasha and Jennett, Arnim and Reichert, Heinrich and Hartenstein, Volker} } @article {5689, title = {Identifying neuronal lineages of Drosophila by sequence analysis of axon tracts.}, journal = {The Journal of Neuroscience}, volume = {30}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Jun 2}, pages = {7538-53}, abstract = {

The Drosophila brain is formed by an invariant set of lineages, each of which is derived from a unique neural stem cell (neuroblast) and forms a genetic and structural unit of the brain. The task of reconstructing brain circuitry at the level of individual neurons can be made significantly easier by assigning neurons to their respective lineages. In this article we address the automation of neuron and lineage identification. We focused on the Drosophila brain lineages at the larval stage when they form easily recognizable secondary axon tracts (SATs) that were previously partially characterized. We now generated an annotated digital database containing all lineage tracts reconstructed from five registered wild-type brains, at higher resolution and including some that were previously not characterized. We developed a method for SAT structural comparisons based on a dynamic programming approach akin to nucleotide sequence alignment and a machine learning classifier trained on the annotated database of reference SATs. We quantified the stereotypy of SATs by measuring the residual variability of aligned wild-type SATs. Next, we used our method for the identification of SATs within wild-type larval brains, and found it highly accurate (93-99\%). The method proved highly robust for the identification of lineages in mutant brains and in brains that differed in developmental time or labeling. We describe for the first time an algorithm that quantifies neuronal projection stereotypy in the Drosophila brain and use the algorithm for automatic neuron and lineage recognition.

}, keywords = {Algorithms, Animals, Automatic Data Processing, Axons, Brain, Brain Mapping, Caspase 3, Cell Lineage, Computer-Assisted, Confocal, Dendrites, Drosophila, Drosophila Proteins, Embryo, Genetically Modified, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Image Processing, Microscopy, Models, Neurological, Neurons, Nonmammalian, Reproducibility of Results, Software}, issn = {1529-2401}, doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0186-10.2010}, author = {Cardona, Albert and Saalfeld, Stephan and Arganda, Ignacio and Pereanu, Wayne and Schindelin, Johannes and Hartenstein, Volker.} } @article {5367, title = {Lineage-based connectivity map of the Drosophila brain.}, journal = {Journal of Neurogenetics}, volume = {24}, year = {2010}, month = {2010}, pages = {79}, author = {Hartenstein, Volker and Pereanu, Wayne and Truman, Jim and Cardona, Albert} }