@article {1226,
	title = {Morphological characterization of single fan-shaped body neurons in Drosophila melanogaster.},
	journal = {Cell and Tissue Research},
	volume = {336},
	year = {2009},
	month = {2009 Jun},
	pages = {509-19},
	abstract = {<p>The fan-shaped body is the largest substructure of the central complex in Drosophila melanogaster. Two groups of large-field neurons that innervate the fan-shaped body, viz., F1 and F5 neurons, have recently been found to be involved in visual pattern memory for "contour orientation" and "elevation" in a rut-dependent manner. The F5 neurons have been found to be responsible for the parameter "elevation" in a for-dependent manner. We have shown here that the F1 neuron also affects visual memory for "contour orientation" in a for-dependent way. With the help of Gal4/UAS and FLP-out techniques, we have characterized the morphological features of these two groups of neurons at single neuron resolution. We have observed that F1 or F5 neurons are groups of isomorphic individual neurons. Single F1 neurons have three main arborization regions: one in the first layer of the fan-shaped body, one in the ventral body, and another in the inferior medial protocerebrum. Single F5 neurons have two arborization regions: one in the fifth layer of the fan-shaped body and the other in the superior medial protocerebrum. The polarity of the F1 and F5 neurons has been studied with the Syt-GFP marker. Our results indicate the existence of presynaptic sites of both F1 and F5 neurons located in the fan-shaped body and postsynaptic sites outside of the fan-shaped body.</p>
},
	keywords = {Animals, Cell Shape, Drosophila melanogaster, Memory, Neurons, Pattern Recognition, Presynaptic Terminals, Visual},
	issn = {1432-0878},
	doi = {10.1007/s00441-009-0781-2},
	author = {Li, Weizhe and Pan, Yufeng and Wang, Zhipeng and Gong, Haiyun and Gong, Zhefeng and Liu, Li}
}
@article {1227,
	title = {Visual pattern memory requires foraging function in the central complex of Drosophila.},
	journal = {Learning \& Memory},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2008},
	month = {2008 Mar},
	pages = {133-42},
	abstract = {<p>The role of the foraging (for) gene, which encodes a cyclic guanosine-3{\textquoteright},5{\textquoteright}-monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKG), in food-search behavior in Drosophila has been intensively studied. However, its functions in other complex behaviors have not been well-characterized. Here, we show experimentally in Drosophila that the for gene is required in the operant visual learning paradigm. Visual pattern memory was normal in a natural variant rover (for(R)) but was impaired in another natural variant sitter (for(S)), which has a lower PKG level. Memory defects in for(S) flies could be rescued by either constitutive or adult-limited expression of for in the fan-shaped body. Interestingly, we showed that such rescue also occurred when for was expressed in the ellipsoid body. Additionally, expression of for in the fifth layer of the fan-shaped body restored sufficient memory for the pattern parameter "elevation" but not for "contour orientation," whereas expression of for in the ellipsoid body restored sufficient memory for both parameters. Our study defines a Drosophila model for further understanding the role of cGMP-PKG signaling in associative learning/memory and the neural circuit underlying this for-dependent visual pattern memory.</p>
},
	keywords = {Alleles, Animals, Brain, Conditioning, Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases, Drosophila melanogaster, Drosophila Proteins, Gene Library, Genetically Modified, Insertional, Isoenzymes, Memory, Mutagenesis, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Operant, Pattern Recognition, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, Short-Term, Visual},
	issn = {1549-5485},
	doi = {10.1101/lm.873008},
	author = {Wang, Zhipeng and Pan, Yufeng and Li, Weizhe and Jiang, Huoqing and Chatzimanolis, Lazaros and Chang, Jianhong and Gong, Zhefeng and Liu, Li}
}
