@article {65723,
	title = {A systematic nomenclature for the Drosophila ventral nerve cord.},
	journal = {Neuron},
	volume = {107},
	year = {2020},
	month = {2020 Sep 14},
	pages = {1071-79},
	abstract = {<p>Drosophila melanogaster is an established model for neuroscience research with relevance in biology and medicine. Until recently, research on the Drosophila brain was hindered by the lack of a complete and uniform nomenclature. Recognizing this, Ito et\&nbsp;al. (2014) produced an authoritative nomenclature for the adult insect brain, using Drosophila as the reference. Here, we extend this nomenclature to the adult thoracic and abdominal neuromeres, the ventral nerve cord (VNC), to provide an anatomical description of this major component of the Drosophila nervous system. The VNC is the locus for the reception and integration of sensory information and involved in generating most of the locomotor actions that underlie fly behaviors. The aim is to create a nomenclature, definitions, and spatial boundaries for the Drosophila VNC that are consistent with other insects. The work establishes an anatomical framework that provides a powerful tool for analyzing the functional organization of the VNC.</p>
},
	issn = {1097-4199},
	doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2020.08.005},
	author = {Court, Robert and Namiki, Shigehiro and Armstrong, J Douglas and Borner, Jana and Card, Gwyneth and Costa, Marta and Dickinson, Michael and Duch, Carsten and Korff, Wyatt and Mann, Richard and Merritt, David and Murphey, Rod K and Seeds, Andrew M and Shirangi, Troy and Simpson, Julie H and Truman, James W and Tuthill, John C and Williams, Darren W and Shepherd, David}
}
@article {2170,
	title = {Performance trade-offs in the flight initiation of Drosophila.},
	journal = {The Journal of Experimental Biology},
	volume = {211},
	year = {2008},
	month = {2008 Feb},
	pages = {341-53},
	abstract = {<p>The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster performs at least two distinct types of flight initiation. One kind is a stereotyped escape response to a visual stimulus that is mediated by the hard-wired giant fiber neural pathway, and the other is a more variable ;voluntary{\textquoteright} response that can be performed without giant fiber activation. Because the simpler escape take-offs are apparently successful, it is unclear why the fly has multiple pathways to coordinate flight initiation. In this study we use high-speed videography to observe flight initiation in unrestrained wild-type flies and assess the flight performance of each of the two types of take-off. Three-dimensional kinematic analysis of take-off sequences indicates that wing use during the jumping phase of flight initiation is essential for stabilizing flight. During voluntary take-offs, early wing elevation leads to a slower and more stable take-off. In contrast, during visually elicited escapes, the wings are pulled down close to the body during take-off, resulting in tumbling flights in which the fly translates faster but also rotates rapidly about all three of its body axes. Additionally, we find evidence that the power delivered by the legs is substantially greater during visually elicited escapes than during voluntary take-offs. Thus, we find that the two types of Drosophila flight initiation result in different flight performances once the fly is airborne, and that these performances are distinguished by a trade-off between speed and stability.</p>
},
	keywords = {Animal, Animals, Biological, Biomechanics, Drosophila melanogaster, Escape Reaction, Extremities, Female, Flight, Models, Time Factors, Video Recording, Wing},
	issn = {0022-0949},
	doi = {10.1242/jeb.012682},
	author = {Card, Gwyneth and Dickinson, Michael}
}
