@article {67766,
	title = {A pair of dopamine neurons mediate chronic stress signals to induce learning deficit in Drosophila melanogaster.},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U. S. A.},
	volume = {118},
	year = {2021},
	month = {2021 Oct 19},
	abstract = {<p>Chronic stress could induce severe cognitive impairments. Despite extensive investigations in mammalian models, the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Here, we show that chronic stress could induce dramatic learning and memory deficits in The chronic stress-induced learning deficit (CSLD) is long lasting and associated with other depression-like behaviors. We demonstrated that excessive dopaminergic activity provokes susceptibility to CSLD. Remarkably, a pair of PPL1-γ1pedc dopaminergic neurons that project to the mushroom body (MB) γ1pedc compartment play a key role in regulating susceptibility to CSLD so that stress-induced PPL1-γ1pedc hyperactivity facilitates the development of CSLD. Consistently, the mushroom body output neurons (MBON) of the γ1pedc compartment, MBON-γ1pedc\&gt;α/β neurons, are important for modulating susceptibility to CSLD. Imaging studies showed that dopaminergic activity is necessary to provoke the development of chronic stress-induced maladaptations in the MB network. Together, our data support that PPL1-γ1pedc mediates chronic stress signals to drive allostatic maladaptations in the MB network that lead to CSLD.</p>
},
	issn = {1091-6490},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.2023674118},
	author = {Jia, Jia and He, Lei and Yang, Junfei and Shuai, Yichun and Yang, Jingjing and Wu, Yalan and Liu, Xin and Chen, Tianli and Wang, Guaxiu and Wang, Xingyu and Song, Xiaoxu and Ding, Zhaowen and Zhu, Yan and Ling-Qi Zhang and Chen, Peng and Qin, Hongtao}
}
@article {2358,
	title = {Dynamic properties of large-field and small-field optomotor flight responses in Drosophila.},
	journal = {Journal of Comparative Physiology. A, Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology},
	volume = {193},
	year = {2007},
	month = {2007 Jul},
	pages = {787-99},
	abstract = {<p>Optomotor flight control in houseflies shows bandwidth fractionation such that steering responses to an oscillating large-field rotating panorama peak at low frequency, whereas responses to small-field objects peak at high frequency. In fruit flies, steady-state large-field translation generates steering responses that are three times larger than large-field rotation. Here, we examine the optomotor steering reactions to dynamically oscillating visual stimuli consisting of large-field rotation, large-field expansion, and small-field motion. The results show that, like in larger flies, large-field optomotor steering responses peak at low frequency, whereas small-field responses persist under high frequency conditions. However, in fruit flies large-field expansion elicits higher magnitude and tighter phase-locked optomotor responses than rotation throughout the frequency spectrum, which may suggest a further segregation within the large-field pathway. An analysis of wing beat frequency and amplitude reveals that mechanical power output during flight varies according to the spatial organization and motion dynamics of the visual scene. These results suggest that, like in larger flies, the optomotor control system is organized into parallel large-field and small-field pathways, and extends previous analyses to quantify expansion-sensitivity for steering reflexes and flight power output across the frequency spectrum.</p>
},
	keywords = {Analysis of Variance, Animal, Animals, Behavior, Biological Clocks, Drosophila, Flight, Nonlinear Dynamics, Photic Stimulation, Visual Pathways},
	issn = {0340-7594},
	doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2010.06.072},
	author = {Duistermars, Brian J and Reiser, Michael B and Zhu, Yan and Frye, Mark A}
}
