@article {2323,
	title = {Striatal proenkephalin gene induction: coordinated regulation by cyclic AMP and calcium pathways.},
	journal = {Brain Research. Molecular Brain Research},
	volume = {115},
	year = {2003},
	month = {2003 Jul 23},
	pages = {157-61},
	abstract = {<p>Enkephalin modulates striatal function, thereby affecting motor performance and addictive behaviors. The proenkephalin gene is also used as a model to study cyclic AMP-mediated gene expression in striatal neurons. The second messenger pathway leading to proenkephalin expression demonstrates how cyclic AMP pathways are synchronized with depolarization. We show that cyclic AMP-mediated regulation of the proenkephalin gene is dependent on the activity of L-type Ca2+ channels. Inhibition of L-type Ca2+ channels blocks forskolin-mediated induction of proenkephalin. The Ca2+-activated kinase, Ca2+/calmodulin kinase, as well as the cyclic AMP-activated kinase, protein kinase A (PKA), are both necessary for the induction of the proenkephalin promoter. Similarly, both kinases are needed for the L-type Ca2+ channel-mediated induction of proenkephalin. This synchronization of second messenger pathways provides a coincidence mechanism that gates proenkephalin synthesis in striatal neurons, ensuring that levels are increased only in the presence of activated PKA and depolarization.</p>
},
	keywords = {1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine, Animals, Antihypertensive Agents, Calcium, Calcium Channel Agonists, Calcium Channel Blockers, Carcinogens, Cells, Corpus Striatum, Cultured, Cyclic AMP, Developmental, Drug Interactions, Embryo, Enkephalins, Enzyme Inhibitors, Forskolin, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Isoquinolines, Mammalian, Neurons, Nifedipine, Protein Precursors, Pyrroles, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Sulfonamides, Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate, Transcriptional Activation, Transfection},
	issn = {0169-328X},
	doi = {10.3389/fnana.2010.00147},
	author = {Konradi, Christine and Mac{\'\i}as, Wendy and Dudman, Joshua T and Carlson, Richard R}
}
