@article {5495,
	title = {Dopamine modulates acute responses to cocaine, nicotine and ethanol in Drosophila.},
	journal = {Current Biology},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2000},
	month = {2000 Feb 24},
	pages = {187-94},
	abstract = {<p>Drugs of abuse have a common property in mammals, which is their ability to facilitate the release of the neurotransmitter and neuromodulator dopamine in specific brain regions involved in reward and motivation. This increase in synaptic dopamine levels is believed to act as a positive reinforcer and to mediate some of the acute responses to drugs. The mechanisms by which dopamine regulates acute drug responses and addiction remain unknown.</p>
},
	keywords = {Animal, Animals, Behavior, Cocaine, Dopamine, Drosophila, Ethanol, Male, Nicotine},
	issn = {0960-9822},
	author = {Bainton, R J and Tsai, L T and Singh, C M and Moore, M S and Neckameyer, W S and Heberlein, U}
}
@article {5496,
	title = {Ethanol intoxication in Drosophila: genetic and pharmacological evidence for regulation by the cAMP signaling pathway.},
	journal = {Cell},
	volume = {93},
	year = {1998},
	month = {1998 Jun 12},
	pages = {997-1007},
	abstract = {<p>Upon exposure to ethanol, Drosophila display behaviors that are similar to ethanol intoxication in rodents and humans. Using an inebriometer to measure ethanol-induced loss of postural control, we identified cheapdate, a mutant with enhanced sensitivity to ethanol. Genetic and molecular analyses revealed that cheapdate is an allele of the memory mutant amnesiac. amnesiac has been postulated to encode a neuropeptide that activates the cAMP pathway. Consistent with this, we find that enhanced ethanol sensitivity of cheapdate can be reversed by treatment with agents that increase cAMP levels or PKA activity. Conversely, genetic or pharmacological reduction in PKA activity results in increased sensitivity to ethanol. Taken together, our results provide functional evidence for the involvement of the cAMP signal transduction pathway in the behavioral response to intoxicating levels of ethanol.</p>
},
	keywords = {Adenylate Cyclase, Alleles, Amino Acid Sequence, Animal, Animals, Base Sequence, Behavior, Cloning, Cyclic AMP, Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases, Drosophila melanogaster, Drosophila Proteins, Enzyme Activation, Enzyme Inhibitors, Ethanol, Forskolin, Genes, Genetic Complementation Test, Genetically Modified, Insect, Male, Messenger, Molecular, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutation, Neuropeptides, RNA, Signal Transduction},
	issn = {0092-8674},
	author = {Moore, M S and DeZazzo, J and Luk, A Y and Tully, T and Singh, C M and Heberlein, U}
}
