@article {5496,
	title = {Ethanol intoxication in Drosophila: genetic and pharmacological evidence for regulation by the cAMP signaling pathway.},
	journal = {Cell},
	volume = {93},
	year = {1998},
	month = {1998 Jun 12},
	pages = {997-1007},
	abstract = {<p>Upon exposure to ethanol, Drosophila display behaviors that are similar to ethanol intoxication in rodents and humans. Using an inebriometer to measure ethanol-induced loss of postural control, we identified cheapdate, a mutant with enhanced sensitivity to ethanol. Genetic and molecular analyses revealed that cheapdate is an allele of the memory mutant amnesiac. amnesiac has been postulated to encode a neuropeptide that activates the cAMP pathway. Consistent with this, we find that enhanced ethanol sensitivity of cheapdate can be reversed by treatment with agents that increase cAMP levels or PKA activity. Conversely, genetic or pharmacological reduction in PKA activity results in increased sensitivity to ethanol. Taken together, our results provide functional evidence for the involvement of the cAMP signal transduction pathway in the behavioral response to intoxicating levels of ethanol.</p>
},
	keywords = {Adenylate Cyclase, Alleles, Amino Acid Sequence, Animal, Animals, Base Sequence, Behavior, Cloning, Cyclic AMP, Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases, Drosophila melanogaster, Drosophila Proteins, Enzyme Activation, Enzyme Inhibitors, Ethanol, Forskolin, Genes, Genetic Complementation Test, Genetically Modified, Insect, Male, Messenger, Molecular, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutation, Neuropeptides, RNA, Signal Transduction},
	issn = {0092-8674},
	author = {Moore, M S and DeZazzo, J and Luk, A Y and Tully, T and Singh, C M and Heberlein, U}
}
@article {46654,
	title = {Growth and differentiation in the Drosophila eye coordinated by hedgehog.},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {373},
	year = {1995},
	month = {1995 Feb 23},
	pages = {709-11},
	abstract = {<p>Differentiation of the Drosophila retina is asynchronous: it starts at the posterior margin of the eye imaginal disc and progresses anteriorly over two days. During this time the disc continues to grow, increasing in size by approximately eightfold. An indentation in the epithelium, the morphogenetic furrow, marks the front edge of the differentiation wave. Anterior progression of the furrow is thought to be driven by signals emanating from differentiating photoreceptor cells in the posterior eye disc. A good candidate for such a signal is the product of the hedgehog (hh) gene; it is expressed, and presumably secreted, by differentiating photoreceptors and its function is required for continued furrow movement. Here we show that ectopic expression of hedgehog sets in motion ectopic furrows in the anterior eye disc. In addition to changes in cell shape, these ectopic furrows are associated with a tightly orchestrated series of events, including proliferation, cell cycle synchronization and pattern formation, that parallel normal furrow progression. We propose that the morphogenetic furrow coincides with a transient boundary that coordinates growth and differentiation of the eye disc, and that hedgehog is necessary and sufficient to propagate this boundary across the epithelium.</p>
},
	keywords = {Animals, Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors, Cell Cycle, Cell Cycle Proteins, DNA-Binding Proteins, Drosophila, Drosophila Proteins, Embryonic Induction, Eye, Hedgehog Proteins, Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs, Insect Hormones, Insect Proteins, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Phosphoprotein Phosphatases, Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Proteins, Repressor Proteins, Signal Transduction, Transcription Factors},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	doi = {10.1038/373709a0},
	author = {Heberlein, U and Singh, C M and Luk, A Y and Donohoe, T J}
}
