@article {1170,
	title = {A persistent RNA-DNA hybrid is formed during transcription at a phylogenetically conserved mitochondrial DNA sequence.},
	journal = {Molecular and Cellular Biology},
	volume = {15},
	year = {1995},
	month = {1995 Jan},
	pages = {580-9},
	abstract = {<p>Critical features of the mitochondrial leading-strand DNA replication origin are conserved from Saccharomyces cerevisiae to humans. These include a promoter and a downstream GC-rich sequence block (CSBII) that encodes rGs within the primer RNA. During in vitro transcription at yeast mitochondrial replication origins, there is stable and persistent RNA-DNA hybrid formation that begins at the 5{\textquoteright} end of the rG region. The short rG-dC sequence is the necessary and sufficient nucleic acid element for establishing stable hybrids, and the presence of rGs within the RNA strand of the RNA-DNA hybrid is required. The efficiency of hybrid formation depends on the length of RNA synthesized 5{\textquoteright} to CSBII and the type of RNA polymerase employed. Once made, the RNA strand of an RNA-DNA hybrid can serve as an effective primer for mitochondrial DNA polymerase. These results reveal a new mechanism for persistent RNA-DNA hybrid formation and suggest a step in priming mitochondrial DNA replication that requires both mitochondrial RNA polymerase and an rG-dC sequence-specific event to form an extensive RNA-DNA hybrid.</p>
},
	keywords = {Base Sequence, DNA, DNA Primers, DNA Replication, DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase, DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases, Genetic, Mitochondrial, Molecular Sequence Data, Nucleic Acid, Nucleic Acid Hybridization, Phylogeny, Regulatory Sequences, Ribonuclease H, RNA, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Transcription},
	issn = {0270-7306},
	doi = {10.1101/gad.1352105},
	author = {Xu, B and Clayton, D A}
}
@article {1171,
	title = {A human mitochondrial transcriptional activator can functionally replace a yeast mitochondrial HMG-box protein both in vivo and in vitro.},
	journal = {Molecular and Cellular Biology},
	volume = {13},
	year = {1993},
	month = {1993 Mar},
	pages = {1951-61},
	abstract = {<p>Human mitochondrial transcription factor A is a 25-kDa protein that binds immediately upstream of the two major mitochondrial promoters, thereby leading to correct and efficient initiation of transcription. Although the nature of yeast mitochondrial promoters is significantly different from that of human promoters, a potential functional homolog of the human transcriptional activator protein has been previously identified in yeast mitochondria. The importance of the yeast protein in yeast mitochondrial DNA function has been shown by inactivation of its nuclear gene (ABF2) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells resulting in loss of mitochondrial DNA. We report here that the nuclear gene for human mitochondrial transcription factor A can be stably expressed in yeast cells devoid of the yeast homolog protein. The human protein is imported efficiently into yeast mitochondria, is processed correctly, and rescues the loss-of-mitochondrial DNA phenotype in a yeast abf2 strain, thus functionally substituting for the yeast protein. Both human and yeast proteins affect yeast mitochondrial transcription initiation in vitro, suggesting that the two proteins may have a common role in this fundamental process.</p>
},
	keywords = {Amino Acid, Amino Acid Sequence, Base Sequence, Biological Transport, Cell Compartmentation, DNA-Binding Proteins, Genes, Genetic, Humans, Mitochondria, Mitochondrial Proteins, Molecular Sequence Data, Nuclear Proteins, Oxygen Consumption, Post-Translational, Protein Processing, Protein Sorting Signals, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Sequence Alignment, Sequence Homology, Transcription, Transcription Factors, Transformation},
	issn = {0270-7306},
	doi = {10.1101/gad.1352105},
	author = {Parisi, M A and Xu, B and Clayton, D A}
}
