@article {1175, title = {Mouse RNAase MRP RNA is encoded by a nuclear gene and contains a decamer sequence complementary to a conserved region of mitochondrial RNA substrate.}, journal = {Cell}, volume = {56}, year = {1989}, month = {1989 Jan 13}, pages = {131-9}, abstract = {

Using complementary oligonucleotide probes, we have isolated the nuclear gene for the RNA moiety of RNAase MRP; it is present as a single copy and encodes an uncapped primary transcript of 275 nucleotides. Direct sequence analysis revealed that the 136 nucleotide RNA that copurifies with RNAase MRP represents the 3{\textquoteright} half of the 275 nucleotide primary transcript. The 5{\textquoteright}-flanking region of the gene has putative transcriptional control elements homologous to the promoters of RNA polymerase II-transcribed U-series snRNA genes; however, the coding region possesses a box A sequence and terminates at four T residues, both features characteristic of polymerase III-transcribed genes. A decamer sequence, 5{\textquoteright}-CGA-CCCCUCC-3{\textquoteright}, complementary to a conserved sequence adjacent to the enzymatic cleavage site on the mitochondrial RNA substrate, is present in the RNAase MRP RNA. Isolation of a nuclear gene for the RNA component of a mitochondrial enzyme implies that nucleic acids can be transported across mitochondrial membranes.

}, keywords = {Animals, Blotting, DNA, Endoribonucleases, Genes, Genetic, Mice, Mitochondria, Mitochondrial, Nucleic Acid, Oligonucleotide Probes, Post-Transcriptional, Ribonucleases, RNA Processing, Sequence Homology, Southern, Transcription}, issn = {0092-8674}, doi = {10.1101/gad.1352105}, author = {Chang, D D and Clayton, D A} } @article {1178, title = {A mammalian mitochondrial RNA processing activity contains nucleus-encoded RNA.}, journal = {Science}, volume = {235}, year = {1987}, month = {1987 Mar 6}, pages = {1178-84}, abstract = {

Ribonuclease mitochondrial RNA processing, a site-specific endoribonuclease involved in primer RNA metabolism in mammalian mitochondria, requires an RNA component for its activity. On the basis of copurification and selective inactivation with complementary oligonucleotides, a 135-nucleotide RNA species, not encoded in the mitochondrial genome, is identified as the RNA moiety of the endoribonuclease. This finding implies transport of a nucleus-encoded RNA, essential for organelle DNA replication, to the mitochondrial matrix.

}, keywords = {Animals, Base Sequence, Cell Nucleus, Chemical Phenomena, Chemistry, Drug Resistance, Endonucleases, Enzyme Activation, Genetic Code, Humans, Mammals, Micrococcal Nuclease, Mitochondria, Oligonucleotides, Organoids, Ribonucleases, RNA, Subcellular Fractions}, issn = {0036-8075}, doi = {10.1101/gad.1352105}, author = {Chang, D D and Clayton, D A} } @article {1182, title = {Replication priming and transcription initiate from precisely the same site in mouse mitochondrial DNA.}, journal = {The EMBO Journal}, volume = {4}, year = {1985}, month = {1985 Jun}, pages = {1559-67}, abstract = {

Mammalian mitochondrial DNA maintains a novel displacement-loop region containing the major sites of transcriptional initiation and the origin of heavy strand DNA replication. Because the exact map positions of the 5{\textquoteright} termini of nascent mouse displacement-loop strands are known, it is possible to examine directly a potential relationship between replication priming and transcription. Analyses of in vivo nucleic acids complementary to the displacement-loop region reveal two species with identical 5{\textquoteright} ends at map position 16 183. One is entirely RNA and the other is RNA covalently linked to DNA. In the latter the transition from RNA to DNA is sharp, occurring near or within a series of previously identified conserved sequences 74-163 nucleotides downstream from the transcriptional initiation site. These data suggest that the initial events in replication priming and transcription are the same and that the decision to synthesize DNA or RNA is a downstream event under the control of short, conserved displacement-loop template sequences.

}, keywords = {Animals, Base Sequence, Chromosome Mapping, DNA, DNA Replication, Genetic, Mice, Mitochondrial, Operon, Ribonucleases, RNA, Transcription}, issn = {0261-4189}, doi = {10.1101/gad.1352105}, author = {Chang, D D and Hauswirth, W W and Clayton, D A} } @article {1183, title = {Precise identification of individual promoters for transcription of each strand of human mitochondrial DNA.}, journal = {Cell}, volume = {36}, year = {1984}, month = {1984 Mar}, pages = {635-43}, abstract = {

The major site of in vivo transcriptional initiation for both heavy and light strands of human mitochondrial DNA is the displacement-loop region. Transcripts synthesized in vitro by human mitochondrial RNA polymerase were mapped to the nucleotide level and have identical 5{\textquoteright} end map positions to those reported for in vivo primary transcripts. An ordered series of deletion clones, whose template sequences were truncated at either the 5{\textquoteright} or 3{\textquoteright} end, was used to identify the precise mitochondrial DNA sequence required for initiation of transcription. The data provide a definitive assignment of the promoter for heavy-strand transcription occurring within -16 to +7 of the transcriptional start site 16 nucleotides upstream of the 5{\textquoteright} end of the gene for tRNAPhe and of the promoter for light-strand transcription occurring within -28 to +16 of the transcriptional start site at the 5{\textquoteright} end of "7S RNA." Within each control sequence is a candidate promoter whose consensus sequence is 5{\textquoteright}-CANACC(G)CC(A)AAAGAPyA-3{\textquoteright} and in both cases transcriptional initiation occurs within six to eight nucleotides of the 3{\textquoteright} end of this sequence. The transcriptional start site is an integral part of each promoter and each promoter can function in the absence of the other.

}, keywords = {Chromosome Deletion, Chromosome Mapping, DNA, DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases, Genes, Genetic, Humans, Mitochondrial, Operon, Regulator, RNA, Transcription, Transfer}, issn = {0092-8674}, doi = {10.1101/gad.1352105}, author = {Chang, D D and Clayton, D A} }