@article {47134,
	title = {Neural encoding of odors during active sampling and in turbulent plumes.},
	journal = {Neuron},
	volume = {88},
	year = {2015},
	month = {2015 Oct 21},
	pages = {403-18},
	abstract = {<p>Sensory inputs are often fluctuating and intermittent, yet animals reliably utilize them to direct behavior. Here we ask how natural stimulus fluctuations influence the dynamic neural encoding of odors. Using the locust olfactory system, we isolated two main causes of odor intermittency: chaotic odor plumes and active sampling behaviors. Despite their irregularity, chaotic odor plumes still drove dynamic neural response features including the synchronization, temporal patterning, and short-term plasticity of spiking in projection neurons, enabling classifier-based stimulus identification and activating downstream decoders (Kenyon cells). Locusts can also impose odor intermittency through active sampling movements with their unrestrained antennae. Odors triggered immediate, spatially targeted antennal scanning that, paradoxically, weakened individual neural responses. However, these frequent but weaker responses were highly informative about stimulus location. Thus, not only are odor-elicited dynamic neural responses compatible with natural stimulus fluctuations and important for stimulus identification, but locusts actively increase intermittency, possibly to improve stimulus localization.</p>
},
	issn = {1097-4199},
	doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2015.09.007},
	author = {Huston, Stephen J and Stopfer, Mark and Cassenaer, Stijn and Aldworth, Zane N and Laurent, Gilles}
}
@article {1649,
	title = {Intensity versus identity coding in an olfactory system.},
	journal = {Neuron},
	volume = {39},
	year = {2003},
	month = {2003 Sep 11},
	pages = {991-1004},
	abstract = {<p>We examined the encoding and decoding of odor identity and intensity by neurons in the antennal lobe and the mushroom body, first and second relays, respectively, of the locust olfactory system. Increased odor concentration led to changes in the firing patterns of individual antennal lobe projection neurons (PNs), similar to those caused by changes in odor identity, thus potentially confounding representations for identity and concentration. However, when these time-varying responses were examined across many PNs, concentration-specific patterns clustered by identity, resolving the apparent confound. This is because PN ensemble representations changed relatively continuously over a range of concentrations of each odorant. The PNs{\textquoteright} targets in the mushroom body-Kenyon cells (KCs)-had sparse identity-specific responses with diverse degrees of concentration invariance. The tuning of KCs to identity and concentration and the patterning of their responses are consistent with piecewise decoding of their PN inputs over oscillation-cycle length epochs.</p>
},
	keywords = {Action Potentials, Animals, Female, Grasshoppers, Male, Mushroom Bodies, Neurons, Odors, Reaction Time, Smell},
	issn = {0896-6273},
	author = {Stopfer, Mark and Jayaraman, Vivek and Laurent, Gilles}
}
