@article {48042,
	title = {Engulfed cadherin fingers are polarized junctional structures between collectively migrating endothelial~cells.},
	journal = {Nature Cell Biology},
	volume = {18},
	year = {2016},
	month = {2016 Nov 14},
	pages = {1311-23},
	abstract = {<p>The development and maintenance of tissues requires collective cell movement, during which neighbouring cells coordinate the polarity of their migration machineries. Here, we ask how polarity signals are transmitted from one cell to another across symmetrical cadherin junctions, during collective migration. We demonstrate that collectively migrating endothelial cells have polarized VE-cadherin-rich membrane protrusions, {\textquoteleft}cadherin fingers{\textquoteright}, which leading cells extend from their rear and follower cells engulf at their front, thereby generating opposite membrane curvatures and asymmetric recruitment of curvature-sensing proteins. In follower cells, engulfment of cadherin fingers occurs along with the formation of a lamellipodia-like zone with low actomyosin contractility, and requires VE-cadherin/catenin complexes and Arp2/3-driven actin polymerization. Lateral accumulation of cadherin fingers in follower cells precedes turning, and increased actomyosin contractility can initiate cadherin finger extension as well as engulfment by a neighbouring cell, to promote follower behaviour. We propose that cadherin fingers serve as guidance cues that direct collective cell migration.</p>
},
	doi = {10.1038/ncb3438},
	author = {Hayer, Arnold and Shao, Lin and Chung, Mingyu and Joubert, Lydia-Marie and Yang, Hee Won and Tsai, Feng-Chiao and Bisaria, Anjali and Betzig, Eric and Meyer, Tobias}
}
@article {6291,
	title = {A localized Wnt signal orients asymmetric stem cell division in vitro.},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {339},
	year = {2013},
	month = {2013 Mar 22},
	pages = {1445-8},
	abstract = {<p>Developmental signals such as Wnts are often presented to cells in an oriented manner. To examine the consequences of local Wnt signaling, we immobilized Wnt proteins on beads and introduced them to embryonic stem cells in culture. At the single-cell level, the Wnt-bead induced asymmetric distribution of Wnt-β-catenin signaling components, oriented the plane of mitotic division, and directed asymmetric inheritance of centrosomes. Before cytokinesis was completed, the Wnt-proximal daughter cell expressed high levels of nuclear β-catenin and pluripotency genes, whereas the distal daughter cell acquired hallmarks of differentiation. We suggest that a spatially restricted Wnt signal induces an oriented cell division that generates distinct cell fates at predictable positions relative to the Wnt source.</p>
},
	keywords = {Animals, Asymmetric Cell Division, beta Catenin, Cell Differentiation, Cells, Centrosome, Cultured, Cytokinesis, Embryonic Stem Cells, Gene Expression, Homeodomain Proteins, Mice, Mitosis, Octamer Transcription Factor-3, Pluripotent Stem Cells, Recombinant Proteins, Single-Cell Analysis, Transcription Factors, Wnt Proteins, Wnt Signaling Pathway, Wnt3A Protein},
	issn = {1095-9203},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1231077},
	author = {Habib, Shukry J and Chen, Bi-Chang and Tsai, Feng-Chiao and Anastassiadis, Konstantinos and Meyer, Tobias and Betzig, Eric and Nusse, Roel}
}
