@article {65108,
	title = {Revealing the synaptic hodology of mammalian neural circuits with multiscale neurocartography.},
	journal = {Frontiers in Neuroinformatics},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2019},
	month = {2019 Jul 30},
	abstract = {<p>The functional features of neural circuits are determined by a combination of properties that range in scale from projections systems across the whole brain to molecular interactions at the synapse. The burgeoning field of neurocartography seeks to map these relevant features of brain structure{\textemdash}spanning a volume \~{}20 orders of magnitude{\textemdash}to determine how neural circuits perform computations supporting cognitive function and complex behavior. Recent technological breakthroughs in tissue sample preparation, high-throughput electron microscopy imaging, and automated image analyses have produced the first visualizations of all synaptic connections between neurons of invertebrate model systems. However, the sheer size of the central nervous system in mammals implies that reconstruction of the first full brain maps at synaptic scale may not be feasible for decades. In this review, we outline existing and emerging technologies for neurocartography that complement electron microscopy-based strategies and are beginning to derive some basic organizing principles of circuit hodology at the mesoscale, microscale, and nanoscale. Specifically, we discuss how a host of light microscopy techniques including array tomography have been utilized to determine both long-range and subcellular organizing principles of synaptic connectivity. In addition, we discuss how new techniques, such as two-photon serial tomography of the entire mouse brain, have become attractive approaches to dissect the potential connectivity of defined cell types. Ultimately, principles derived from these techniques promise to facilitate a conceptual understanding of how connectomes, and neurocartography in general, can be effectively utilized toward reaching a mechanistic understanding of circuit function.</p>
},
	doi = {10.3389/fninf.2019.00052},
	url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fninf.2019.00052/fullhttps://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fninf.2019.00052/full},
	author = {Bloss, Erik B. and Hunt, David L.}
}
@article {46576,
	title = {High-performance probes for light and electron microscopy.},
	journal = {Nature Methods},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2015},
	month = {2015 Apr 27},
	pages = {568-76},
	abstract = {<p>We describe an engineered family of highly antigenic molecules based on GFP-like fluorescent proteins. These molecules contain numerous copies of peptide epitopes and simultaneously bind IgG antibodies at each location. These {\textquoteright}spaghetti monster{\textquoteright} fluorescent proteins (smFPs) distributed well in neurons, notably into small dendrites, spines and axons. smFP immunolabeling localized weakly expressed proteins not well resolved with traditional epitope tags. By varying epitope and scaffold, we generated a diverse family of mutually orthogonal antigens. In cultured neurons and mouse and fly brains, smFP probes allowed robust, orthogonal multicolor visualization of proteins, cell populations and neuropil. smFP variants complement existing tracers and greatly increase the number of simultaneous imaging channels, and they performed well in advanced preparations such as array tomography, super-resolution fluorescence imaging and electron microscopy. In living cells, the probes improved single-molecule image tracking and increased yield for RNA-seq. These probes facilitate new experiments in connectomics, transcriptomics and protein localization.</p>
},
	issn = {1548-7105},
	doi = {10.1038/nmeth.3365},
	author = {Viswanathan, Sarada and Williams, Megan E. and Bloss, Erik B. and Stasevich, Timothy J. and Speer, Colenso M. and Nern, Aljoscha and Pfeiffer, Barret D. and Hooks, Bryan M. and Li, Wei-Ping and English, Brian P. and Tian, Teresa and Henry, Gilbert L. and Macklin, John J. and Patel, Ronak and Gerfen, Charles R and Zhuang, Xiaowei and Wang, Yalin and Rubin, Gerald M and Looger, Loren L}
}
