@article {47134,
	title = {Neural encoding of odors during active sampling and in turbulent plumes.},
	journal = {Neuron},
	volume = {88},
	year = {2015},
	month = {2015 Oct 21},
	pages = {403-18},
	abstract = {<p>Sensory inputs are often fluctuating and intermittent, yet animals reliably utilize them to direct behavior. Here we ask how natural stimulus fluctuations influence the dynamic neural encoding of odors. Using the locust olfactory system, we isolated two main causes of odor intermittency: chaotic odor plumes and active sampling behaviors. Despite their irregularity, chaotic odor plumes still drove dynamic neural response features including the synchronization, temporal patterning, and short-term plasticity of spiking in projection neurons, enabling classifier-based stimulus identification and activating downstream decoders (Kenyon cells). Locusts can also impose odor intermittency through active sampling movements with their unrestrained antennae. Odors triggered immediate, spatially targeted antennal scanning that, paradoxically, weakened individual neural responses. However, these frequent but weaker responses were highly informative about stimulus location. Thus, not only are odor-elicited dynamic neural responses compatible with natural stimulus fluctuations and important for stimulus identification, but locusts actively increase intermittency, possibly to improve stimulus localization.</p>
},
	issn = {1097-4199},
	doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2015.09.007},
	author = {Huston, Stephen J and Stopfer, Mark and Cassenaer, Stijn and Aldworth, Zane N and Laurent, Gilles}
}
@article {47225,
	title = {Oscillations and sparsening of odor representations in the mushroom body.},
	journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
	volume = {297},
	year = {2002},
	month = {2002 Jul 19},
	pages = {359-65},
	abstract = {<p>In the insect olfactory system, oscillatory synchronization is functionally relevant and reflects the coherent activation of dynamic neural assemblies. We examined the role of such oscillatory synchronization in information transfer between networks in this system. The antennal lobe is the obligatory relay for olfactory afferent signals and generates oscillatory output. The mushroom body is responsible for formation and retrieval of olfactory and other memories. The format of odor representations differs significantly across these structures. Whereas representations are dense, dynamic, and seemingly redundant in the antennal lobe, they are sparse and carried by more selective neurons in the mushroom body. This transformation relies on a combination of oscillatory dynamics and intrinsic and circuit properties that act together to selectively filter and synthesize the output from the antennal lobe. These results provide direct support for the functional relevance of correlation codes and shed some light on the role of oscillatory synchronization in sensory networks.</p>
},
	keywords = {Action Potentials, Animals, Electric Stimulation, Electrodes, Evoked Potentials, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Female, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Grasshoppers, Interneurons, Male, Mushroom Bodies, Nerve Net, Neural Inhibition, Neurons, Odors, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Picrotoxin, Smell, Synaptic Transmission, Time Factors},
	issn = {1095-9203},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1070502},
	author = {Perez-Orive, Javier and Mazor, Ofer and Turner, Glenn C and Cassenaer, Stijn and Wilson, Rachel I and Laurent, Gilles}
}
