@article {67875, title = {[Dilemma and breakthrough of acupuncture-moxibustion department under the situation of rapid expansion of hospital].}, journal = {Zhongguo Zhen Jiu}, volume = {42}, year = {2022}, month = {2022 Jan 12}, pages = {8-12}, abstract = {

Under the situation of the rapid expansion of hospital, the dilemma of acupuncture-moxibustion department, as well as the relevant solutions are explored. The main reasons for the shrinking situation of the service in acupuncture-moxibustion department include: the disease-based department division trends to divert many diseases suitably treated in acupuncture-moxibustion department; the environment pursuing economic benefits restricts the development of acupuncture-moxibustion therapy characterized by "simple and low-cost operation". There are three important approaches for breaking through the dilemma of acupuncture and moxibustion therapy. First, modifying the traditional service mode as waiting for patients in acupuncture-moxibustion department and promoting acupuncture and moxibustion technology to be adopted in other departments rather than limited only in acupuncture-moxibustion department. Second, increasing the charges of acupuncture and moxibustion technology rationally. Third, positioning accurately the role of acupuncture and moxibustion technology in health services based on its own characteristics and advantages and promoting it in community medical institutions. All of these solutions require the guidance of supporting policies.

}, keywords = {Acupuncture, Acupuncture Therapy, Hospitals, Humans, Moxibustion}, issn = {0255-2930}, doi = {10.13703/j.0255-2930.20201121-0002}, author = {Chen, Shao-Zong and Pan, Wei-Xing and Jing, Xiang-Hong and Fang, Jian-Qiao} } @article {67180, title = {Acupuncture modulates immunity in sepsis: Toward a science-based protocol.}, journal = {Autonomic Neuroscience}, volume = {232}, year = {2021}, month = {2021 Feb 27}, pages = {102793}, abstract = {

Sepsis is a serious medical condition in which immune dysfunction plays a key role. Previous treatments focused on chemotherapy to control immune function; however, a recognized effective compound or treatment has yet to be developed. Recent advances indicate that a neuromodulation approach with nerve stimulation allows developing a therapeutic strategy to control inflammation and improve organ functions in sepsis. As a quick, non-invasive technique of peripheral nerve stimulation, acupuncture has emerged as a promising therapy to provide significant advantages for immunomodulation in acute inflammation. Acupuncture obtains its regulatory effect by activating the somatic-autonomic-immune reflexes, including the somatic-sympathetic-splenic reflex, the somatic-sympathetic-adrenal reflex, the somatic-vagal-splenic reflex and the somatic-vagal-adrenal reflex, which produces a systemic effect. The peripheral nerve stimulation also induces local reflexes such as the somatic-sympathetic-lung-reflex, which then produces local effects. These mechanisms offer scientific guidance to design acupuncture protocols for immunomodulation and inflammation control, leading to an evidence-based comprehensive therapy recommendation.

}, issn = {1872-7484}, doi = {10.1016/j.autneu.2021.102793}, author = {Pan, Wei-Xing and Fan, Arthur Yin and Chen, Shaozong and Alemi, Sarah Faggert} } @article {67723, title = {Dissociable contributions of phasic dopamine activity to reward and prediction.}, journal = {Cell Reports}, volume = {36}, year = {2021}, month = {2021 Sep 07}, pages = {109684}, abstract = {

Sensory cues that precede reward acquire predictive (expected value) and incentive (drive reward-seeking action) properties. Mesolimbic dopamine neurons{\textquoteright} responses to sensory cues correlate with both expected value and reward-seeking action. This has led to the proposal that phasic dopamine responses may be sufficient to inform value-based decisions, elicit actions, and/or induce motivational states; however, causal tests are incomplete. Here, we show that direct dopamine neuron stimulation, both calibrated to physiological and greater intensities, at the time of reward can be sufficient to induce and maintain reward seeking (reinforcing) although replacement of a cue with stimulation is insufficient to induce reward seeking or act as an informative cue. Stimulation of descending cortical inputs, one synapse upstream, are sufficient for reinforcement and cues to future reward. Thus, physiological activation of mesolimbic dopamine neurons can be sufficient for reinforcing properties of reward without being sufficient for the predictive and incentive properties of cues.

}, issn = {2211-1247}, doi = {10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109684}, author = {Pan, Wei-Xing and Coddington, Luke T and Dudman, Joshua T} } @article {46942, title = {A specific component of the evoked potential mirrors phasic dopamine neuron activity during conditioning.}, journal = {The Journal of Neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience}, volume = {35}, year = {2015}, month = {2015 Jul 22}, pages = {10451-9}, abstract = {

UNLABELLED: Midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons are thought to be a critical node in the circuitry that mediates reward learning. DA neurons receive diverse inputs from regions distributed throughout the neuraxis from frontal neocortex to the mesencephalon. While a great deal is known about changes in the activity of individual DA neurons during learning, much less is known about the functional changes in the microcircuits in which DA neurons are embedded. Here we used local field potentials recorded from the midbrain of behaving mice to show that the midbrain evoked potential (mEP) faithfully reflects the temporal and spatial structure of the phasic response of midbrain neuron populations during conditioning. By comparing the mEP to simultaneously recorded single units, we identified specific components of the mEP that corresponded to phasic DA and non-DA responses to salient stimuli. The DA component of the mEP emerged with the acquisition of a conditioned stimulus, was extinguished following changes in reinforcement contingency, and could be inhibited by pharmacological manipulations that attenuate the phasic responses of DA neurons. In contrast to single-unit recordings, the mEP permitted relatively dense sampling of the midbrain circuit during conditioning and thus could be used to reveal the spatiotemporal structure of multiple intermingled midbrain circuits. Finally, the mEP response was stable for months and thus provides a new approach to study long-term changes in the organization of ventral midbrain microcircuits during learning.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Neurons that synthesize and release the neurotransmitter dopamine play a critical role in voluntary reward-seeking behavior. Much of our insight into the function of dopamine neurons comes from recordings of individual cells in behaving animals; however, it is notoriously difficult to record from dopamine neurons due to their sparsity and depth, as well as the presence of intermingled non-dopaminergic neurons. Here we show that much of the information that can be learned from recordings of individual dopamine and non-dopamine neurons is also revealed by changes in specific components of the local field potential. This technique provides an accessible measurement that could prove critical to our burgeoning understanding of the molecular, functional, and anatomical diversity of neuron populations in the midbrain.

}, issn = {1529-2401}, doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4096-14.2015}, author = {Pan, Wei-Xing and Dudman, Joshua T} } @article {45178, title = {The inhibitory microcircuit of the substantia nigra provides feedback gain control of the basal ganglia output.}, journal = {eLife}, volume = {3}, year = {2014}, month = {2014 May 21}, pages = {e02397}, abstract = {

Dysfunction of the basal ganglia produces severe deficits in the timing, initiation, and vigor of movement. These diverse impairments suggest a control system gone awry. In engineered systems, feedback is critical for control. By contrast, models of the basal ganglia highlight feedforward circuitry and ignore intrinsic feedback circuits. In this study, we show that feedback via axon collaterals of substantia nigra projection neurons control the gain of the basal ganglia output. Through a combination of physiology, optogenetics, anatomy, and circuit mapping, we elaborate a general circuit mechanism for gain control in a microcircuit lacking interneurons. Our data suggest that diverse tonic firing rates, weak unitary connections and a spatially diffuse collateral circuit with distinct topography and kinetics from feedforward input is sufficient to implement divisive feedback inhibition. The importance of feedback for engineered systems implies that the intranigral microcircuit, despite its absence from canonical models, could be essential to basal ganglia function. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02397.001.

}, issn = {2050-084X}, doi = {10.7554/eLife.02397}, author = {Brown, Jennifer and Pan, Wei-Xing and Dudman, Joshua Tate} } @article {5539, title = {Neural signals of extinction in the inhibitory microcircuit of the ventral midbrain.}, journal = {Nature Neuroscience}, volume = {16}, year = {2013}, month = {2013 Jan}, pages = {71-8}, abstract = {

Midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons are thought to guide learning via phasic elevations of firing in response to reward predicting stimuli. The mechanism for these signals remains unclear. Using extracellular recording during associative learning, we found that inhibitory neurons in the ventral midbrain of mice responded to salient auditory stimuli with a burst of activity that occurred before the onset of the phasic response of DA neurons. This population of inhibitory neurons exhibited enhanced responses during extinction and was anticorrelated with the phasic response of simultaneously recorded DA neurons. Optogenetic stimulation revealed that this population was, in part, derived from inhibitory projection neurons of the substantia nigra that provide a robust monosynaptic inhibition of DA neurons. Thus, our results elaborate on the dynamic upstream circuits that shape the phasic activity of DA neurons and suggest that the inhibitory microcircuit of the midbrain is critical for new learning in extinction.

}, issn = {1546-1726}, doi = {10.1038/nn.3283}, author = {Pan, Wei-Xing and Brown, Jennifer and Dudman, Joshua Tate} }