@article {67891,
	title = {Idiosyncratic learning performance in flies.},
	journal = {Biology Letters},
	volume = {18},
	year = {2022},
	month = {2022 Feb 01},
	pages = {20210424},
	abstract = {<p>Individuals vary in their innate behaviours, even when they have the same genome and have been reared in the same environment. The extent of individuality in plastic behaviours, like learning, is less well characterized. Also unknown is the extent to which intragenotypic differences in learning generalize: if an individual performs well in one assay, will it perform well in other assays? We investigated this using the fruit fly , an organism long-used to study the mechanistic basis of learning and memory. We found that isogenic flies, reared in identical laboratory conditions, and subject to classical conditioning that associated odorants with electric shock, exhibit clear individuality in their learning responses. Flies that performed well when an odour was paired with shock tended to perform well when the odour was paired with bitter taste or when other odours were paired with shock. Thus, individuality in learning performance appears to be prominent in isogenic animals reared identically, and individual differences in learning performance generalize across some aversive sensory modalities. Establishing these results in flies opens up the possibility of studying the genetic and neural circuit basis of individual differences in learning in a highly suitable model organism.</p>
},
	issn = {1744-957X},
	doi = {10.1098/rsbl.2021.0424},
	author = {Smith, Matthew A-Y and Honegger, Kyle S and Turner, Glenn and de Bivort, Benjamin}
}
@article {47744,
	title = {Learning: the good, the bad, and the fly.},
	journal = {Neuron},
	volume = {86},
	year = {2015},
	month = {2015 Apr 22},
	pages = {343-5},
	abstract = {<p>Olfactory memories can be very good-your mother{\textquoteright}s baking-or very bad-your father{\textquoteright}s cooking. We go through life forming these different associations with the smells we encounter. But what makes one association pleasant and another repulsive? Work in deep areas of the Drosophila brain has revealed the beginnings of an answer, as reported in this issue of Neuron by Owald et al. (2015).</p>
},
	keywords = {Animals, Appetitive Behavior, Dopaminergic Neurons, Drosophila, Mushroom Bodies, Smell},
	issn = {1097-4199},
	doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2015.04.012},
	author = {Hige, Toshihide and Turner, Glenn}
}
