@article {49086,
	title = {Nociceptive interneurons control modular motor pathways to promote escape behavior in Drosophila.},
	journal = {eLife},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2018},
	month = {2018 Mar 12},
	abstract = {<p>Rapid and efficient escape behaviors in response to noxious sensory stimuli are essential for protection and survival. Yet, how noxious stimuli are transformed to coordinated escape behaviors remains poorly understood. Inlarvae, noxious stimuli trigger sequential body bending and corkscrew-like rolling behavior. We identified a population of interneurons in the nerve cord of, termed Down-and-Back (DnB) neurons, that are activated by noxious heat, promote nociceptive behavior, and are required for robust escape responses to noxious stimuli. Electron microscopic circuit reconstruction shows that DnBs are targets of nociceptive and mechanosensory neurons, are directly presynaptic to pre-motor circuits, and link indirectly to Goro rolling command-like neurons. DnB activation promotes activity in Goro neurons, and coincident inactivation of Goro neurons prevents the rolling sequence but leaves intact body bending motor responses. Thus, activity from nociceptors to DnB interneurons coordinates modular elements of nociceptive escape behavior.</p>
},
	issn = {2050-084X},
	doi = {10.7554/eLife.26016},
	author = {Burgos, Anita and Honjo, Ken and Ohyama, Tomoko and Qian, Cheng Sam and Shin, Grace Ji-Eun and Gohl, Daryl M and Silies, Marion and Tracey, W Daniel and Zlatic, Marta and Cardona, Albert and Grueber, Wesley B}
}
@article {48390,
	title = {Flies and humans share a motion estimation strategy that exploits natural scene statistics.},
	journal = {Nature neuroscience},
	volume = {17},
	year = {2014},
	month = {2014 Feb},
	pages = {296-303},
	abstract = {<p>Sighted animals extract motion information from visual scenes by processing spatiotemporal patterns of light falling on the retina. The dominant models for motion estimation exploit intensity correlations only between pairs of points in space and time. Moving natural scenes, however, contain more complex correlations. We found that fly and human visual systems encode the combined direction and contrast polarity of moving edges using triple correlations that enhance motion estimation in natural environments. Both species extracted triple correlations with neural substrates tuned for light or dark edges, and sensitivity to specific triple correlations was retained even as light and dark edge motion signals were combined. Thus, both species separately process light and dark image contrasts to capture motion signatures that can improve estimation accuracy. This convergence argues that statistical structures in natural scenes have greatly affected visual processing, driving a common computational strategy over 500 million years of evolution.</p>
},
	keywords = {Adaptation, Physiological, Animals, Contrast Sensitivity, Drosophila, Electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials, Visual, Genotype, Humans, Models, Neurological, Motion Perception, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Photic Stimulation, Psychophysics},
	issn = {1546-1726},
	doi = {10.1038/nn.3600},
	author = {Clark, Damon A and Fitzgerald, James E and Ales, Justin M and Gohl, Daryl M and Silies, Marion A and Norcia, Anthony M and Clandinin, Thomas R}
}
