@article {65615,
	title = {Arousal modulates retinal output.},
	journal = {Neuron},
	volume = {107},
	year = {2020},
	month = {2020 Aug 01},
	pages = {487},
	abstract = {<p>At various stages of the visual system, visual responses are modulated by arousal. Here, we find that in mice this modulation operates as early as in the first synapse from the retina and even in retinal axons. To measure retinal activity in the awake, intact brain, we imaged the synaptic boutons of retinal axons in the superior colliculus. Their activity depended not only on vision but also on running speed and pupil size, regardless of retinal illumination. Arousal typically reduced their visual responses and selectivity for direction and orientation. Recordings from retinal axons in the optic tract revealed that arousal modulates the firing of some retinal ganglion cells. Arousal had similar effects postsynaptically in colliculus neurons, independent of activity in the other main source of visual inputs to the colliculus, the primary visual cortex. These results indicate that arousal modulates activity at every stage of the mouse visual system.</p>
},
	issn = {1097-4199},
	doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2020.04.026},
	author = {Schr{\"o}der, Sylvia and Steinmetz, Nicholas A and Krumin, Michael and Pachitariu, Marius and Rizzi, Matteo and Lagnado, Leon and Harris, Kenneth D and Carandini, Matteo}
}
@article {48840,
	title = {Suite2p: beyond 10,000 neurons with standard two-photon microscopy.},
	journal = {bioRxiv},
	year = {2017},
	month = {2017 Jul 20},
	pages = {061507},
	abstract = {<p>Two-photon microscopy of calcium-dependent sensors has enabled unprecedented recordings from vast populations of neurons. While the sensors and microscopes have matured over several generations of development, computational methods to process the resulting movies remain inefficient and can give results that are hard to interpret. Here we introduce Suite2p: a fast, accurate and complete pipeline that registers raw movies, detects active cells, extracts their calcium traces and infers their spike times. Suite2p runs on standard workstations, operates faster than real time, and recovers ~2 times more cells than the previous state-of-the-art method. Its low computational load allows routine detection of ~10,000 cells simultaneously with standard two-photon resonant-scanning microscopes. Recordings at this scale promise to reveal the fine structure of activity in large populations of neurons or large populations of subcellular structures such as synaptic boutons.</p>
},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1101/061507},
	author = {Pachitariu, Marius and Stringer, Carsen and Dipoppa, Mario and Schr{\"o}der, Sylvia and Rossi, L Federico and Dalgleish, Henry and Carandini, Matteo and Harris, Kenneth D}
}
