@article {67296,
	title = {Regulation of coordinated muscular relaxation in Drosophila larvae by a pattern-regulating intersegmental circuit.},
	journal = {Nature Communications},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2021},
	month = {2021 May 19},
	pages = {2943},
	abstract = {<p>Typical patterned movements in animals are achieved through combinations of contraction and delayed relaxation of groups of muscles. However, how intersegmentally coordinated patterns of muscular relaxation are regulated by the neural circuits remains poorly understood. Here, we identify Canon, a class of higher-order premotor interneurons, that regulates muscular relaxation during backward locomotion of Drosophila larvae. Canon neurons are cholinergic interneurons present in each abdominal neuromere and show wave-like activity during fictive backward locomotion. Optogenetic activation of Canon neurons induces relaxation of body wall muscles, whereas inhibition of these neurons disrupts timely muscle relaxation. Canon neurons provide excitatory outputs to inhibitory premotor interneurons. Canon neurons also connect with each other to form an intersegmental circuit and regulate their own wave-like activities. Thus, our results demonstrate how coordinated muscle relaxation can be realized by an intersegmental circuit that regulates its own patterned activity and sequentially terminates motor activities along the anterior-posterior axis.</p>
},
	issn = {2041-1723},
	doi = {10.1038/s41467-021-23273-y},
	author = {Hiramoto, Atsuki and Jonaitis, Julius and Niki, Sawako and Kohsaka, Hiroshi and Fetter, Richard D and Cardona, Albert and Pulver, Stefan R and Nose, Akinao}
}
@article {48983,
	title = {Divergent connectivity of homologous command-like neurons mediates segment-specific touch responses in Drosophila.},
	journal = {Neuron},
	volume = {96},
	year = {2017},
	month = {2017 Dec 20},
	pages = {1373-87},
	abstract = {<p>Animals adaptively respond to a tactile stimulus by choosing an ethologically relevant behavior depending on the location of the stimuli. Here, we investigate how somatosensory inputs on different body segments are linked to distinct motor outputs in Drosophila larvae. Larvae escape by backward locomotion when touched on the head, while they crawl forward when touched on the tail. We identify a class of segmentally repeated second-order somatosensory interneurons, that we named Wave, whose activation in anterior and posterior segments elicit backward and forward locomotion, respectively. Anterior and posterior Wave neurons extend their dendrites in opposite directions to receive somatosensory inputs from the head and tail, respectively. Downstream of anterior Wave neurons, we identify premotor circuits including the neuron A03a5, which together with Wave, is necessary for the backward locomotion touch response. Thus, Wave neurons match their receptive field to appropriate motor programs by participating in different circuits in different segments.</p>
},
	issn = {1097-4199},
	doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2017.10.030},
	author = {Takagi, Suguru and Cocanougher, Benjamin Thomas and Niki, Sawako and Miyamoto, Dohjin and Kohsaka, Hiroshi and Kazama, Hokto and Fetter, Richard Doty and Truman, James William and Zlatic, Marta and Cardona, Albert and Nose, Akinao}
}
