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Circuit mechanisms integrating information in behaving animals
Two color labeling of MBON-α1 and MBON-α3. Neurons downstream to these MBONs likely integrate appetitive and aversive long-term memories.
The 3D CAD design of the behavioral set-up for closed-loop olfactory behaviors based on (Seelig et al., 2010). The fly holder tethers a fly walking on the ball floating via airflow. The objective lens is placed above the fly holder. The exposed fly brain is separated from intact legs, eyes, and antennae, allowing for the delivery of visual and olfactory stimulation while the fly is walking on the ball. Two cameras monitor the rotation of the ball. One nozzle delivers the odor and another vacuums it from the other side. The odor nozzle is angled to deliver odorized airflow to the fly’s antennae, but not much on the ball. The nozzles can be freely rotated 360 degrees with a closed loop controlled by the fly’s walking. The frontal camera monitors the movement of aristae to track how the fly senses air flow (Mamiya and Dickinson, 2015).
