Main Menu (Mobile)- Block

Main Menu - Block

janelia7_blocks-janelia7_fake_breadcrumb | block
Koyama Lab / Publications
custom | custom

Filter

facetapi-Q2b17qCsTdECvJIqZJgYMaGsr8vANl1n | block

Associated Lab

facetapi-W9JlIB1X0bjs93n1Alu3wHJQTTgDCBGe | block
facetapi-PV5lg7xuz68EAY8eakJzrcmwtdGEnxR0 | block
facetapi-021SKYQnqXW6ODq5W5dPAFEDBaEJubhN | block
general_search_page-panel_pane_1 | views_panes

3836 Publications

Showing 3451-3460 of 3836 results
02/05/05 | Natural selection and developmental constraints in the evolution of allometries.
Frankino WA, Zwaan BJ, Stern DL, Brakefield PM
Science. 2005 Feb 4;307(5710):718-20. doi: 10.1126/science.1105409

In animals, scaling relationships between appendages and body size exhibit high interspecific variation but low intraspecific variation. This pattern could result from natural selection for specific allometries or from developmental constraints on patterns of differential growth. We performed artificial selection on the allometry between forewing area and body size in a butterfly to test for developmental constraints, and then used the resultant increased range of phenotypic variation to quantify natural selection on the scaling relationship. Our results show that the short-term evolution of allometries is not limited by developmental constraints. Instead, scaling relationships are shaped by strong natural selection.

View Publication Page
Tjian Lab
02/01/05 | Structural studies of the human PBAF chromatin-remodeling complex.
Leschziner AE, Lemon B, Tjian R, Nogales E
Structure. 2005 Feb;13(2):267-75. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1100640108

ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling is one of the central processes responsible for imparting fluidity to chromatin and thus regulating DNA transactions. Although knowledge on this process is accumulating rapidly, the basic mechanism (or mechanisms) by which the remodeling complexes alter the structure of a nucleosome is not yet understood. Structural information on these macromolecular machines should aid in interpreting the biochemical and genetic data; to this end, we have determined the structure of the human PBAF ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complex preserved in negative stain by electron microscopy and have mapped the nucleosome binding site using two-dimensional (2D) image analysis. PBAF has an overall C-shaped architecture–with a larger density to which two smaller knobs are attached–surrounding a central cavity; one of these knobs appears to be flexible and occupies different positions in each of the structures determined. The 2D analysis of PBAF:nucleosome complexes indicates that the nucleosome binds in the central cavity.

View Publication Page
01/19/05 | Ensemble coding of vocal control in birdsong.
Leonardo A, Fee MS
The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience. 2005 Jan 19;25(3):652-61. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3036-04.2005

Zebra finch song is represented in the high-level motor control nucleus high vocal center (HVC) (Reiner et al., 2004) as a sparse sequence of spike bursts. In contrast, the vocal organ is driven continuously by smoothly varying muscle control signals. To investigate how the sparse HVC code is transformed into continuous vocal patterns, we recorded in the singing zebra finch from populations of neurons in the robust nucleus of arcopallium (RA), a premotor area intermediate between HVC and the motor neurons. We found that highly similar song elements are typically produced by different RA ensembles. Furthermore, although the song is modulated on a wide range of time scales (10-100 ms), patterns of neural activity in RA change only on a short time scale (5-10 ms). We suggest that song is driven by a dynamic circuit that operates on a single underlying clock, and that the large convergence of RA neurons to vocal control muscles results in a many-to-one mapping of RA activity to song structure. This permits rapidly changing RA ensembles to drive both fast and slow acoustic modulations, thereby transforming the sparse HVC code into a continuous vocal pattern.

View Publication Page
01/01/05 | Antibody humanization and affinity maturation using phage display.
Marvin JS, Lowman HB
Phage Display in Biotechnology and Drug Discovery. 2005:493-528
01/01/05 | Computation-based engineering of protein and antibody therapeutics.
Marvin JS, Zhu Z
Drug Design Reviews Online. 2005;2:419-25

Recent advances in computation-based protein engineering offer opportunities to introduce or modify the biophysical characteristics of proteins at will. The power of computational design comes from the ability to surpass the combinatorial and physical limitations inherent to laboratory-based high-throughput or trial-and-error methods. As a result, modifications that require significant changes to the amino acid sequence of a protein are now accessible to the protein engineering community. Hydrophobic cores of proteins have been repacked to increase their thermostability. Binding sites in proteins have been modified to increase affinity or alter specificity for proteins, peptides, and small molecules. Enzymes have been designed de novo. Non-natural protein folds have been created. For the most part, these achievements have been applied to proteins that make good model systems in academic settings. How can these computational methods be applied to therapeutically relevant proteins? This review will focus on the ground-breaking achievements of computation-based protein engineering and on recent applications of rational design to improve therapeutic proteins. - See more at: http://www.eurekaselect.com/90585/article/computation-based-design-and-engineering-protein-and-antibody-therapeutics#sthash.kSt3UaNE.dpuf

View Publication Page
01/01/05 | Drosophila and C. elegans models of human age-associated neurodegeneratiove diseases.
Bilen J, Bonini NM, Uversky V, Fink A
Protein Misfolding, Aggregation and Conformational Diseases:
01/01/05 | Drosophila retained/dead ringer is necessary for neuronal pathfinding, female receptivity and repression of fruitless independent male courtship behaviors.
Ditch LM, Shirangi T, Pitman JL, Latham KL, Finley KD, Edeen PT, Taylor BJ, McKeown M
Development. 2005 Jan;132:155-64. doi: 10.1242/dev.01568

Mutations in the Drosophila retained/dead ringer (retn) gene lead to female behavioral defects and alter a limited set of neurons in the CNS. retn is implicated as a major repressor of male courtship behavior in the absence of the fruitless (fru) male protein. retn females show fru-independent male-like courtship of males and females, and are highly resistant to courtship by males. Males mutant for retn court with normal parameters, although feminization of retn cells in males induces bisexuality. Alternatively spliced RNAs appear in the larval and pupal CNS, but none shows sex specificity. Post-embryonically, retn RNAs are expressed in a limited set of neurons in the CNS and eyes. Neural defects of retn mutant cells include mushroom body beta-lobe fusion and pathfinding errors by photoreceptor and subesophageal neurons. We posit that some of these retn-expressing cells function to repress a male behavioral pathway activated by fruM.

View Publication Page
01/01/05 | Insulin signaling in the nervous system regulates ethanol intoxication in Drosophila melanogaster.
Corl AB, Rodan AR, Heberlein U
Nature Neuroscience. 2005 Jan;8(1):18-9. doi: 10.1038/nn1363

The insulin signaling pathway regulates multiple physiological processes, including energy metabolism, organismal growth, aging and reproduction. Here we show that genetic manipulations in Drosophila melanogaster that impair the function of insulin-producing cells or of the insulin-receptor signaling pathway in the nervous system lead to increased sensitivity to the intoxicating effects of ethanol. These findings suggest a previously unknown role for this highly conserved pathway in regulating the behavioral responses to an addictive drug.

View Publication Page
01/01/05 | Representing part-whole relationships in recurrent neural networks.
Jain V, Zhigulin V, Seung HS
Neural Information Processing Systems. 2005;18:563-70

There is little consensus about the computational function of top-down synaptic connections in the visual system. Here we explore the hypothesis that top-down connections, like bottom-up connections, reflect partwhole relationships. We analyze a recurrent network with bidirectional synaptic interactions between a layer of neurons representing parts and a layer of neurons representing wholes. Within each layer, there is lateral inhibition. When the network detects a whole, it can rigorously enforce part-whole relationships by ignoring parts that do not belong. The network can complete the whole by filling in missing parts. The network can refuse to recognize a whole, if the activated parts do not conform to a stored part-whole relationship. Parameter regimes in which these behaviors happen are identified using the theory of permitted and forbidden sets [3, 4]. The network behaviors are illustrated by recreating Rumelhart and McClelland’s “interactive activation” model [7].

View Publication Page
12/16/04 | Individual differences in trait anxiety predict the response of the basolateral amygdala to unconsciously processed fearful faces.
Etkin A, Klemenhagen KC, Dudman JT, Rogan MT, Hen R, Kandel ER, Hirsch J
Neuron. 2004 Dec 16;44(6):1043-55. doi: 10.3389/fnana.2010.00147

Responses to threat-related stimuli are influenced by conscious and unconscious processes, but the neural systems underlying these processes and their relationship to anxiety have not been clearly delineated. Using fMRI, we investigated the neural responses associated with the conscious and unconscious (backwardly masked) perception of fearful faces in healthy volunteers who varied in threat sensitivity (Spielberger trait anxiety scale). Unconscious processing modulated activity only in the basolateral subregion of the amygdala, while conscious processing modulated activity only in the dorsal amygdala (containing the central nucleus). Whereas activation of the dorsal amygdala by conscious stimuli was consistent across subjects and independent of trait anxiety, activity in the basolateral amygdala to unconscious stimuli, and subjects’ reaction times, were predicted by individual differences in trait anxiety. These findings provide a biological basis for the unconscious emotional vigilance characteristic of anxiety and a means for investigating the mechanisms and efficacy of treatments for anxiety.

View Publication Page