Distributed control circuits across a brain-and-cord connectome

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bioRxiv. 2025 Aug 02;. doi: 10.1101/2025.07.31.667571

Distributed control circuits across a brain-and-cord connectome Funke Lab

Bates AS, Phelps JS, Kim M, Yang HH, Matsliah A, Ajabi Z, Perlman E, Delgado KM, Osman MA, Salmon CK, Gager J, Silverman B, Renauld S, Collie MF, Fan J, Pacheco DA, Zhao Y, Patel J, Zhang W, Capdevilla L, Roberts RJ, Munnelly EJ, Griggs N, Langley H, Moya-Llamas B, Maloney RT, Yu S, Sterling AR, Sorek M, Kruk K, Serafetinidis N, Dhawan S, Stürner T, Klemm F, Brooks P, Lesser E, Jones JM, Pierce-Lundgren SE, Lee S, Luo Y, Cook AP, McKim TH, Kophs EC, Falt T, Morales AM, Burke A, Hebditch J, Willie KP, Willie R, Popovych S, Kemnitz N, Ih D, Lee K, Lu R, Halageri A, Bae JA, Jourdan B, Schwartzman G, Demarest DD, Behnke E, Bland D, Kristiansen A, Skelton J, Stocks T, Garner D, Salman F, Daly KC, Hernandez A, Kumar S, Consortium The, Dorkenwald S, Collman F, Suver MP, Fenk LM, Pankratz MJ, Jefferis GS, Eichler K, Seeds AM, Hampel S, Agrawal S, Zandawala M, Macrina T, Adjavon D, Funke J, Tuthill JC, Azevedo A, Seung HS, de Bivort BL, Murthy M, Drugowitsch J, Wilson RI, Lee WA

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Abstract

Just as genomes revolutionized molecular genetics, connectomes (maps of neurons and synapses) are transforming neuroscience. To date, the only species with complete connectomes are worms and sea squirts (103-104 synapses). By contrast, the fruit fly is more complex (108 synaptic connections), with a brain that supports learning and spatial memory and an intricate ventral nerve cord analogous to the vertebrate spinal cord. Here we report the first adult fly connectome that unites the brain and ventral nerve cord, and we leverage this resource to investigate principles of neural control. We show that effector cells (motor neurons, endocrine cells and efferent neurons targeting the viscera) are primarily influenced by local sensory cells in the same body part, forming local feedback loops. These local loops are linked by long-range circuits involving ascending and descending neurons organized into behavior-centric modules. Single ascending and descending neurons are often positioned to influence the voluntary movements of multiple body parts, together with endocrine cells or visceral organs that support those movements. Brain regions involved in learning and navigation supervise these circuits. These results reveal an architecture that is distributed, parallelized and embodied (tightly connected to effectors), reminiscent of distributed control architectures in engineered systems.

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Distributed control circuits across a brain-and-cord connectome

Abstract

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