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2 Publications

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    11/01/06 | Role of thioredoxin in cell growth through interactions with signaling molecules.
    Yoshioka J, Schreiter ER, Lee RT
    Antioxidants and Redox Signaling. 2006 Nov-Dec;8(11-12):2143-51. doi: 10.1089/ars.2006.8.2143

    The thioredoxin system helps maintain a reducing environment in cells, but thioredoxin functions as more than simply an antioxidant. Thioredoxin functions depend on the protein's redox state, as determined by two conserved cysteines. Key biologic activities of thioredoxin include antioxidant, growth control, and antiapoptotic properties, resulting from interaction with target molecules including transcription factors. Mechanisms by which thioredoxin regulates cell growth include binding to signaling molecules such as apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-1 (ASK-1) and thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip). The molecular interplay between thioredoxin, ASK-1, and Txnip potentially influences cell growth and survival in diverse human diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and heart disease. In this review, we focus on the structure of thioredoxin and its functional regulation of cell growth through the interactions with signaling molecules.

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    09/12/06 | NikR-operator complex structure and the mechanism of repressor activation by metal ions.
    Schreiter ER, Wang SC, Zamble DB, Drennan CL
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2006 Sep 12;103(37):13676-81. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0606247103

    Metal ion homeostasis is critical to the survival of all cells. Regulation of nickel concentrations in Escherichia coli is mediated by the NikR repressor via nickel-induced transcriptional repression of the nickel ABC-type transporter, NikABCDE. Here, we report two crystal structures of nickel-activated E. coli NikR, the isolated repressor at 2.1 A resolution and in a complex with its operator DNA sequence from the nik promoter at 3.1 A resolution. Along with the previously published structure of apo-NikR, these structures allow us to evaluate functional proposals for how metal ions activate NikR, delineate the drastic conformational changes required for operator recognition, and describe the formation of a second metal-binding site in the presence of DNA. They also provide a rare set of structural views of a ligand-responsive transcription factor in the unbound, ligand-induced, and DNA-bound states, establishing a model system for the study of ligand-mediated effects on transcription factor function.

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