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2 Janelia Publications

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    11/09/23 | De novo protein identification in mammalian sperm using high-resolution in situ cryo-electron tomography
    Zhen Chen , Momoko Shiozaki , Kelsey M. Haas , Shumei Zhao , Caiying Guo , Benjamin J. Polacco , Zhiheng Yu , Nevan J. Krogan , Robyn M. Kaake , Ronald D. Vale , David A. Agard
    Cell. 2023 Nov 09;186(23):5041-5053.e19. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.09.017

    Understanding molecular mechanisms of cellular pathways requires knowledge of the identities of participating proteins, their cellular localization and their 3D structures. Contemporary workflows typically require multiple techniques to identify target proteins, track their localization using fluorescence microscopy, followed by in vitro structure determination. To identify mammal-specific sperm proteins and understand their functions, we developed a visual proteomics workflow to directly address these challenges. Our in situ cryo-electron tomography and subtomogram averaging provided 6.0 Å resolution reconstructions of axonemal microtubules and their associated proteins. The well-resolved secondary and tertiary structures allowed us to computationally match, in an unbiased manner, novel densities in our 3D reconstruction maps with 21,615 AlphaFold2-predicted protein models of the mouse proteome. We identified Tektin 5, CCDC105 and SPACA9 as novel microtubule inner proteins that form an extensive network crosslinking the lumen of microtubule and existing proteins. Additional biochemical and mass spectrometry analyses helped validate potential candidates. The novel axonemal sperm structures identified by this approach form an extensive interaction network within the lumen of microtubules, suggesting they have a role in the mechanical and elastic properties of the microtubule filaments required for the vigorous beating motions of flagella.

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    05/16/22 | In situ cryo-electron tomography reveals the asymmetric architecture of mammalian sperm axonemes
    Zhen Chen , Garrett A. Greenan , Momoko Shiozaki , Yanxin Liu , Will M. Skinner , Xiaowei Zhao , Shumei Zhao , Rui Yan , Caiying Guo , Zhiheng Yu , Polina V. Lishko , David A. Agard , Ronald D. Vale
    bioRxiv. 2022 May 16:. doi: 10.1101/2022.05.15.492011

    The flagella of mammalian sperm display non-planar, asymmetric beating, in contrast to the planar, symmetric beating of flagella from sea urchin sperm and unicellular organisms. The molecular basis of this difference is unclear. Here, we perform in situ cryo-electron tomography of mouse and human sperm axonemes, providing the highest resolution structural information to date. Our subtomogram averages reveal mammalian sperm- specific protein complexes within the outer microtubule doublets, the radial spokes and nexin-dynein regulatory complexes. The locations and structures of these complexes suggest potential roles in enhancing the mechanical strength of mammalian sperm axonemes and regulating dynein-based axonemal bending. Intriguingly, we find that each of the nine outer microtubule doublets is decorated with a distinct combination of sperm- specific complexes. We propose that this asymmetric distribution of proteins differentially regulates the sliding of each microtubule doublet and may underlie the asymmetric beating of mammalian sperm.

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